LDN services

LDN handles all local network communication.

ldn:m

This is "nn::ldn::detail::IMonitorServiceCreator".

Cmd	Name
0	#CreateMonitorService

CreateMonitorService

Returns an #IMonitorService.

The user-process closes the IMonitorServiceCreator object immediately after using this cmd.

IMonitorService

This is "nn::ldn::detail::IMonitorService".

Cmd	Name
0	#GetStateForMonitor
1	#GetNetworkInfoForMonitor
2	#GetIpv4AddressForMonitor
3	#GetDisconnectReasonForMonitor
4	#GetSecurityParameterForMonitor
5	#GetNetworkConfigForMonitor
100	#InitializeMonitor
101	#FinalizeMonitor

GetStateForMonitor

No input, returns an output u32.

sdknso implements this by returning the u32, with 0 being returned on error.

GetNetworkInfoForMonitor

Takes a type-0x1A output buffer containing a #NetworkInfo.

GetIpv4AddressForMonitor

No input, returns an output #Ipv4Address and a #SubnetMask.

GetDisconnectReasonForMonitor

No input, returns an output s16.

This is not exposed by sdknso.

This just returns 0.

GetSecurityParameterForMonitor

No input, returns an output #SecurityParameter.

This is not exposed by sdknso.

GetNetworkConfigForMonitor

No input, returns an output #NetworkConfig.

This is not exposed by sdknso.

InitializeMonitor

No input/output.

This is used immediately after object creation. Official sw will Abort if this fails.

This just returns 0.

FinalizeMonitor

No input/output.

This is used during service exit, prior to closing the object. Official sw will Abort if this fails.

This just returns 0.

ldn:s

This is "nn::ldn::detail::ISystemServiceCreator".

Cmd	Name
0	#CreateSystemLocalCommunicationService

CreateSystemLocalCommunicationService

Returns an #ISystemLocalCommunicationService.

The user-process closes the ISystemServiceCreator object immediately after using this cmd. Official sw ignores errors from this cmd.

ISystemLocalCommunicationService

This is "nn::ldn::detail::ISystemLocalCommunicationService".

Cmd	Name
0	#GetState
1	#GetNetworkInfo
2	#GetIpv4Address
3	#GetDisconnectReason
4	#GetSecurityParameter
5	#GetNetworkConfig
100	#AttachStateChangeEvent
101	#GetNetworkInfoLatestUpdate
102	#Scan
103	#ScanPrivate
104	[5.0.0+] #SetWirelessControllerRestriction
200	#OpenAccessPoint
201	#CloseAccessPoint
202	#CreateNetwork
203	#CreateNetworkPrivate
204	#DestroyNetwork
205	#Reject
206	#SetAdvertiseData
207	#SetStationAcceptPolicy
208	#AddAcceptFilterEntry
209	#ClearAcceptFilter
300	#OpenStation
301	#CloseStation
302	#Connect
303	#ConnectPrivate
304	#Disconnect
400	#InitializeSystem
401	#FinalizeSystem
402	[4.0.0+] #SetOperationMode
403	[7.0.0+] #InitializeSystem2

GetState

No input, returns an output u32.

sdknso implements this by returning the u32, with 0 being returned on error / when service isn't initialized.

Value	Description
0	None
1	Initialized
2	AccessPointOpened
3	AccessPointCreated
4	StationOpened
5	StationConnected
6	Error

GetNetworkInfo

Takes a type-0x1A output buffer containing a #NetworkInfo.

GetIpv4Address

No input, returns an output #Ipv4Address and a #SubnetMask.

GetDisconnectReason

No input, returns an output s16.

sdknso implements this by returning the s16 as a s32, with -1 being returned on error.

Value	Description
-1	See above.
0	None
1	User
2	SystemRequest
3	DestroyedByAdmin
4	DestroyedBySystemRequest
5	Admin
6	SignalLost

GetSecurityParameter

No input, returns an output #SecurityParameter.

GetNetworkConfig

No input, returns an output #NetworkConfig.

AttachStateChangeEvent

No input, returns an output Event handle.

sdknso uses EventClearMode=1 with this. sdknso will Abort if this cmd fails.

This is signaled when the data returned by #GetNetworkInfo/#GetNetworkInfoLatestUpdate is updated.

GetNetworkInfoLatestUpdate

Takes a type-0x1A output buffer containing a #NetworkInfo and a type-0xA output buffer containing an array of #NodeLatestUpdate.

The array count must be 8.

Scan

Takes a type-0x22 output buffer containing an array of #NetworkInfo, a s16 channel, a #ScanFilter, returns an output s16 total_out.

sdknso copies the output s16 to a s32, the value passed for the input s16 is from an user-specified s32 (user-apps generally use value 0 for this).

This is the same as #ScanPrivate, except this also has the same channel-override functionality as #CreateNetwork.

State must be 3-5.

The array count must be at least 1. This is clamped to a maximum of 0x18.

ScanPrivate

Takes a type-0x22 output buffer containing an array of #NetworkInfo, a s16 channel, a #ScanFilter, returns an output s16 total_out.

sdknso copies the output s16 to a s32, the value passed for the input s16 is from an user-specified s32.

See #Scan.

SetWirelessControllerRestriction

Takes an input #WirelessControllerRestriction, no output.

State must be 1.

The input value is written into state.

OpenAccessPoint

No input/output.

State must be 1, this cmd eventually sets the State to value 2.

CloseAccessPoint

No input/output.

State must be 2-3, this cmd eventually sets the State to value 1.

CreateNetwork

Takes an input #SecurityConfig, an #UserConfig, a #NetworkConfig, no output.

This is the same as #CreateNetworkPrivate, except the #AddressEntry params are 0, and the #SecurityParameter is generated from "nn::util::TinyMt::GenerateRandomBytes".

Unlike CreateNetworkPrivate, this overwrites the channel field in the #NetworkConfig. When the cached IsDevelopment value is true, the output from GetLdnChannel will overwrite that field if the s32 setting value is >=0, otherwise the original value is used. Otherwise when the IsDevelopment field is false (retail), the channel is overwritten with value 0.

This overwrites the u16 field at #SecurityConfig+0. When the cached IsDevelopment value is false (retail), value 1 is used, otherwise the original value is used.

State must be 2, this cmd eventually sets the State to value 3.

CreateNetworkPrivate

Takes an input #SecurityConfig, a #SecurityParameter, an #UserConfig, a #NetworkConfig, a type-0x9 input buffer containing an array of #AddressEntry, no output.

The buffer/count for #AddressEntry can be 0, in which case the network will be non-Private like #CreateNetwork. The count must be <=8.

See #CreateNetwork.

DestroyNetwork

No input/output.

State must be 3, this cmd eventually sets the State to value 2.

Reject

Takes an input #Ipv4Address, no output.

State must be 3.

SetAdvertiseData

Takes a type-0x21 input buffer, no output.

The input buffer contains arbitrary user data.

The buffer size must be <=0x180. An empty buffer (addr=NULL/size=0) can be used to reset the AdvertiseData size in state to zero.

State must be 2-3.

SetStationAcceptPolicy

Takes an input #AcceptPolicy, no output.

State must be 2-3.

AddAcceptFilterEntry

Takes an input MacAddress, no output.

There are two sdknso funcs implementing this: one which takes a MacAddress directly, the other loads the MacAddress from the input NodeInfo.

State must be 2-3.

ClearAcceptFilter

No input/output.

State must be 2-3.

OpenStation

No input/output.

State must be 1, this cmd eventually sets the State to value 4.

CloseStation

No input/output.

State must be 4-5, this cmd eventually sets the State to value 1.

Connect

Takes a type-0x19 input buffer containing a #NetworkInfo, a #SecurityConfig, an #UserConfig, a s32 LocalCommunicationVersion, a #ConnectOption, no output.

State must be 4, this cmd eventually sets the State to value 5.

This is identical to #ConnectPrivate (besides the below), except the data internally passed for #SecurityParameter/#NetworkConfig are loaded from the input #NetworkInfo.

This overwrites the u16 field at #SecurityConfig+0. When the cached IsDevelopment value is false (retail), value 1 is used, otherwise the used value is: original_field == 0 ? {u16 #NetworkInfo+0x60} : original_field.

u32 LocalCommunicationVersion>>15 must be 0.

ConnectPrivate

Takes a #SecurityConfig, #SecurityParameter, an #UserConfig, a s32 LocalCommunicationVersion, a #ConnectOption, a #NetworkConfig, no output.

See #Connect.

This overwrites the u16 field at #SecurityConfig+0. When the cached IsDevelopment value is false (retail), value 1 is used, otherwise the original value is used.

Disconnect

No input/output.

State must be 5, this cmd eventually sets the State to value 4.

InitializeSystem

Takes an input PID and an u64 pid_placeholder.

This is used immediately after object creation.

With [7.0.0+] #InitializeSystem2 is used instead.

FinalizeSystem

No input/output.

This is used during service exit, prior to closing the object. Official sw will Abort if this fails.

If State is set for it, this will run the equivalent of #CloseAccessPoint/#CloseStation when needed.

State must be non-zero, this cmd eventually sets the State to value 0.

SetOperationMode

Takes an input #OperationMode, no output.

State must be 1.

The input value is written into state.

InitializeSystem2

Takes an input PID, an u32, and an u64 pid_placeholder.

Official sw uses hard-coded value 0x1 for the u32.

The input u32 is ignored, the impl for this cmd is identical to #InitializeSystem.

Internally this calls a func with params: (..., PID, &{u16 value 0x38}). On success, this then calls another func (which sets two state fields to the input) with params: (state, 0) (these state fields are used during #Authentication to check which service is being used).

The first func uses various nifm funcs. The input value is used to determine the value for nn::nifm::RequestParameters: essentially, value 0x4 is used for ldn:u, and value 0x8 is used for ldn:s. The input value is also copied into state.

State must be 0, this cmd eventually sets the State to value 1.

ldn:u

This is "nn::ldn::detail::IUserServiceCreator".

Cmd	Name
0	#CreateUserLocalCommunicationService

CreateUserLocalCommunicationService

Returns an #IUserLocalCommunicationService.

The user-process closes the IUserServiceCreator object immediately after using this cmd. Official sw ignores errors from this cmd.

IUserLocalCommunicationService

This is "nn::ldn::detail::IUserLocalCommunicationService".

This is identical to #ISystemLocalCommunicationService, except for the System-only cmd(s), and #Initialize/#Initialize2 differ.

Cmd	Name
0	#GetState
1	#GetNetworkInfo
2	#GetIpv4Address
3	#GetDisconnectReason
4	#GetSecurityParameter
5	#GetNetworkConfig
100	#AttachStateChangeEvent
101	#GetNetworkInfoLatestUpdate
102	#Scan
103	#ScanPrivate
104	[5.0.0+] #SetWirelessControllerRestriction
200	#OpenAccessPoint
201	#CloseAccessPoint
202	#CreateNetwork
203	#CreateNetworkPrivate
204	#DestroyNetwork
205	#Reject
206	#SetAdvertiseData
207	#SetStationAcceptPolicy
208	#AddAcceptFilterEntry
209	#ClearAcceptFilter
300	#OpenStation
301	#CloseStation
302	#Connect
303	#ConnectPrivate
304	#Disconnect
400	#Initialize
401	#Finalize
402	[7.0.0+] #Initialize2

Initialize

Takes an input PID and an u64 pid_placeholder.

This is used immediately after object creation.

With [7.0.0+] #Initialize2 is used instead.

This is identical to #InitializeSystem except different params are used for the funcs called internally.

Finalize

No input/output.

This is used during service exit, prior to closing the object. Official sw will Abort if this fails.

This is identical to #FinalizeSystem.

Initialize2

Takes an input PID, an u32, and an u64 pid_placeholder.

Official sw uses hard-coded value 0x1 for the u32.

The input u32 is ignored, the impl for this cmd is identical to #Initialize.

This is identical to #InitializeSystem2 except different params are used for the funcs called internally: the u16 value is 0x5A, and the value for the second func is 1.

ndd

This is "nn::ndd::IService".

This was added with [5.0.0] and removed with [6.0.0].

Cmd	Name
0	EnableAutoCommunication
1	DisableAutoCommunication
2	IsAutoCommunicationEnabled
3	EnablePowerSave
4	DisablePowerSave
5	IsPowerSaveEnabled
6	IsNetworkActive
7	AcquireSendDataUpdateEvent
8	AddSendData
9	ClearSendData
10	GetSendData
11	AcquireReceiveDataEvent
12	GetCurrentReceiveDataCounter
13	GetOldestReceiveDataCounter
14	GetNextReceiveDataCounter
15	GetAvailableReceiveDataCount
16	GetRecentReceiveDataCounter
17	GetReceiveData
18	AddReceiveData
19	ClearReceiveData
20	ClearDataIdFilter
21	AcquireDeviceScanEvent
22	StartDeviceScan
23	CancelDeviceScan
24	GetDeviceScanResult

lp2p:app, lp2p:sys

These are "nn::lp2p::detail::INetworkServiceCreator".

These were added with [9.0.0+].

lp2p:app is used by Mario Kart Live: Home Circuit. lp2p:sys is used by LibraryAppletPhotoViewer with [11.0.0+].

Cmd	Name
0	#CreateNetworkService
8	#CreateNetworkServiceMonitor

CreateNetworkService

Takes an input u32, an u64 pid_reserved, a PID, returns an output #INetworkService.

The input u32 must be value 0x1.

CreateNetworkServiceMonitor

Takes an input u64 pid_reserved, a PID, returns an output #INetworkServiceMonitor.

INetworkService

This is "nn::lp2p::detail::INetworkService".

Cmd	Name
0	Initialize
[9.0.0-9.0.1] 256	#AttachNetworkInterfaceStateChangeEvent
[9.0.0-9.0.1] 264	#GetNetworkInterfaceLastError
[9.0.0-9.0.1] 272	#GetRole
[9.0.0-9.0.1] 280	#GetAdvertiseData
[9.0.0-9.0.1] 288	#GetGroupInfo
[9.0.0-9.0.1] 296	#Join
[9.0.0-9.0.1] 304	#GetGroupOwner
[9.0.0-9.0.1] 312	#GetIpConfig
[9.0.0-9.0.1] 320	#Leave
512	#Scan
768	#CreateGroup
776	#DestroyGroup
784	#SetAdvertiseData
1536	#SendToOtherGroup
1544	#RecvFromOtherGroup
1552	#AddAcceptableGroupId
1560	[9.1.0+] #RemoveAcceptableGroupId

Initialize

No input/output.

Returns 0.

Unused by official sw.

Scan

Takes a type-0x19 input buffer containing a #GroupInfo, a type-0x22 output buffer containing an array of #ScanResult, returns an output s32 total_out.

CreateGroup

Takes a type-0x31 input buffer containing a #GroupInfo, no output.

mklive uses the following string with this: "Failed to create a group: %08X".

The role must be 0. This eventually sets the role to value 1.

DestroyGroup

No input/output.

This destroys the previously created group. If no group was previously created (role is not 1), this just returns 0.

SetAdvertiseData

Takes a type-0x21 input buffer, no output.

The buffer size must be <=0x80. The role must be <=1.

A string in mklive refers to the buffer data as "scan advertise data".

SendToOtherGroup

Takes an input MacAddress, a #GroupId, a s16 frequency, a s16 channel, an u32 flags, a type-0x21 input buffer, no output.

The buffer size must be <=0x400.

The MacAddress must be non-zero. The s16s must be >=1.

Only bit0 is used from flags: clear = block until the data can be sent, set = return error when the data can't be sent.

A string in mklive refers to the buffer data as "Action frame".

The role must be non-zero. The error from #GetNetworkInterfaceLastError will be returned if it's set.

[11.0.0+] #GroupInfo+0x8A must be value 2, otherwise an error is returned.

This sends an Action frame to the specified #GroupId, with the specified destination MacAddress (can be a broadcast address).

The frequency param is the same as the #GroupInfo+0x84 field.

RecvFromOtherGroup

Takes an input u32 flags, a type-0x22 output buffer, returns a MacAddress, an u16, a s16, an u32 out_size, a s32.

The out_size is the original size used for copying to the output buffer, before it's clamped to the output-buffer size.

Only bit0 is used from flags: clear = block until data is available, set = return error when data is not available.

When data is not available, the error from #GetNetworkInterfaceLastError will be returned if it's set.

The role must be non-zero.

This receives an Action frame.

AddAcceptableGroupId

Takes an input #GroupId, no output.

RemoveAcceptableGroupId

No input/output.

INetworkServiceMonitor

This is "nn::lp2p::detail::INetworkServiceMonitor".

This interface has no commands, until [9.1.0+] which added actual commands.

Cmd	Name
0	Initialize
256	#AttachNetworkInterfaceStateChangeEvent
264	#GetNetworkInterfaceLastError
272	#GetRole
280	#GetAdvertiseData
281	#GetAdvertiseData2
288	#GetGroupInfo
296	#Join
304	#GetGroupOwner
312	#GetIpConfig
320	#Leave
328	#AttachJoinEvent
336	#GetMembers

Initialize

Returns 0.

Unused by official sw.

AttachNetworkInterfaceStateChangeEvent

No input, returns an output Event handle with EventClearMode=0.

GetNetworkInterfaceLastError

No input/output.

GetRole

No input, returns an output u8.

GetAdvertiseData

Takes a type-0x22 output buffer, returns 2 output u16s.

Validates that the role is value 2, then copies data from state into the output buffer. The first output u16 is the size used for the memcpy, the second u16 is the original size from state.

GetAdvertiseData2

Takes a type-0x22 output buffer, returns 2 output u16s.

This is identical to #GetAdvertiseData except this doesn't run the role validation.

GetGroupInfo

Takes a type-0x32 output buffer containing a #GroupInfo.

Validates that the role is non-zero, then copies the struct from state into the output buffer.

Join

Takes a type-0x32 output buffer containing a #GroupInfo and a type-0x31 input buffer containing a #GroupInfo.

This runs the same code as #CreateGroup to generate the #GroupInfo for the input struct (which with #CreateGroup would be available with #GetGroupInfo). The input struct is the same as #CreateGroup.

GetGroupOwner

No input, returns an output 0x80-bytes NodeInfo.

Validates that the role is non-zero, then copies the data from state to output.

GetIpConfig

Takes a type-0x1A output buffer containing a 0x100-byte struct.

Validates that the role is non-zero, then copies the struct from state into the output buffer.

+0x20 is the struct sockaddr IP address, +0x40 is the struct sockaddr subnet-mask, +0x60 is the struct sockaddr gateway(?). The address for the last one is set to localhost.

Leave

No input, returns an output u32.

AttachJoinEvent

No input, returns an output Event handle with EventClearMode=0.

GetMembers

Takes a type-0x22 output buffer containing an array of NodeInfo, returns an output s32 total_out.

Validates that the role is value 1. Then any entries from state which are available are copied into the output array buffer, if there's space available. A maximum of 8 entries can be returned.

A string in mklive refers to the array data as "connected members".

lp2p:m

This is "nn::lp2p::detail::IMonitorServiceCreator".

This was added with [9.1.0+].

Cmd	Name
0	#CreateMonitorService

CreateMonitorService

Takes a PID, a total of 0x10-bytes of input, and returns an #IMonitorService.

IMonitorService

This is "nn::lp2p::detail::IMonitorService".

Cmd	Name
0	Initialize
288	#GetGroupInfo
320	#Leave

Initialize

Returns 0.

Ipv4Address

This is "nn::ldn::Ipv4Address". This is a 0x4-byte struct with 4-byte alignment.

This is essentially the same as struct in_addr, except this is little-endian.

This is generally "169.254.XXX.{...}", where XXX is random per created network.

SubnetMask

This is "nn::ldn::SubnetMask". This is a 0x4-byte struct with 4-byte alignment.

This is essentially the same as struct in_addr, except this is little-endian.

Ssid

This is "nn::ldn::Ssid".

When converting a Ssid to a string, the loaded chars from the string must be in the range of 0x20-0x7F, otherwise the byte written to the string will be 0.

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	0x1	Length excluding NUL-terminator, must be 0x1-0x20.
0x1	0x21	SSID string including NUL-terminator, str[{above length}] must be 0.

NetworkInfo

This is "nn::ldn::NetworkInfo". This is a 0x480-byte struct. The data at +0x50 is another struct.

The fields listed as Reserved (besides the fields before +0x10) are cleared during the memset and are not written to again afterwards, with cmds which return NetworkInfo.

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	0x8	LocalCommunicationId
0x8	0x2	Reserved
0xA	0x2	Arbitrary user data which can be used for filtering with #ScanFilter.
0xC	0x4	Reserved
0x10	0x10	Last 0x10-bytes of #SecurityParameter. NetworkId which is used to generate/overwrite the #Ssid. With #Scan/#ScanPrivate, this is only done after filtering when +0x4B is value 0x2. The converted Ssid is a 0x20-byte lowercase hex string version of the input NetworkId.
0x20	0x6	MacAddress
0x26	0x22	#Ssid
0x48	0x2	s16 NetworkChannel
0x4A	0x1	s8 LinkLevel
0x4B	0x1	Set to hard-coded value 0x2 with output structs, except with #Scan/#ScanPrivate which can also set value 0x1 in certain cases. 0x1 = normal network without an #ActionFrame, 0x2 = LDN network with a valid #ActionFrame.
0x4C	0x4	Padding
0x50	0x10	First 0x10-bytes of #SecurityParameter.
0x60	0x2	Same as #SecurityConfig+0x0.
0x62	0x1	#AcceptPolicy
0x63	0x1	Only set with #Scan/#ScanPrivate, when +0x4B is value 0x2. See #ActionFrame.
0x64	0x2	Padding
0x66	0x1	Maximum participants, for the NodeInfo array.
0x67	0x1	ParticipantNum, number of set entries in the NodeInfo array. If +0x4B is not 0x2, ParticipantNum should be handled as if it's 0.
0x68	0x200(0x40*8)	Array of NodeInfo with 8 entries, starting with the AccessPoint node.
0x268	0x2	Reserved
0x26A	0x2	AdvertiseData size
0x26C	0x180	AdvertiseData
0x3EC	0x8C	Reserved
0x478	0x8	[6.0.0+] Random AuthenticationId. Set to the output from es cmd1501 during network creation.

ScanFilter

This is "nn::ldn::ScanFilter". This is a 0x60-byte struct with 8-byte alignment.

sdknso copies the input ScanFilter to a tmp struct on stack, which is then used with the cmd.

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	0x8	When enabled, this will be overwritten if it's -1. The data written for this is the first LocalCommunicationId for the user-process loaded via arp:r, if loading fails value 0 is written instead. During filtering if enabled, u8 #NetworkInfo+0x4B must match 0x2, and this ScanFilter field must match #NetworkInfo+0x0.
0x8	0x2	Padding
0xA	0x2	During filtering if enabled, u8 #NetworkInfo+0x4B must match 0x2, and this ScanFilter field must match #NetworkInfo+0xA.
0xC	0x4	Padding
0x10	0x10	During filtering if enabled, u8 #NetworkInfo+0x4B must match 0x2, and this ScanFilter data must match #NetworkInfo+0x10.
0x20	0x4	When enabled, must be <=0x3, and during filtering must match u8 #NetworkInfo+0x4B.
0x24	0x6	MacAddress. Only copied with #ScanPrivate. During filtering if enabled, this must match #NetworkInfo+0x20.
0x2A	0x22	#Ssid. During filtering if enabled, this must match #NetworkInfo+0x26 (the #Ssid there must be valid for this as well). The strings are compared, without verifying the length field in #Ssid matches.
0x4C	0x10	Cleared to zero for the tmp struct.
0x5C	0x4	Flags. Masked with 0x37 for #Scan, with #ScanPrivate this is masked with 0x3F.

Flags:

Bit	Description
0	When set, enables using ScanFilter+0.
1	When set, enables using ScanFilter+0x10.
2	When set, enables using ScanFilter+0x20.
3	When set, enables using the ScanFilter MacAddress.
4	When set, enables using the ScanFilter #Ssid.
5	When set, enables using ScanFilter+0xA.

NetworkConfig

This is "nn::ldn::NetworkConfig". This is a 0x20-byte struct with 8-byte alignment.

sdknso copies the input NetworkConfig to a tmp struct on stack, which is then used with the cmd (#CreateNetwork, #CreateNetworkPrivate, #ConnectPrivate).

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	0x8	LocalCommunicationId. Same as #NetworkInfo+0x0. #CreateNetwork/#CreateNetworkPrivate/#Connect/#ConnectPrivate: When -1, this is overwritten with the first LocalCommunicationId for the user-process loaded via arp:r, if loading fails value 0 is written instead. Otherwise when not -1, if control.nacp loading is successful with arp:r, this field must match one of the LocalCommunicationIds from there otherwise an error is thrown.
0x8	0x2	Cleared to zero during the copy.
0xA	0x2	Same as #NetworkInfo+0xA.
0xC	0x4	Cleared to zero during the copy.
0x10	0x2	s16 Channel, can be zero. Same as #NetworkInfo+0x48.
0x12	0x1	s8. Same as #NetworkInfo+0x66. #CreateNetwork/#CreateNetworkPrivate: Must be 0x1-0x8.
0x13	0x1	Cleared to zero during the copy.
0x14	0x2	Same as #NetworkInfo+0x96 (LocalCommunicationVersion from the first NodeInfo). Must not be negative. #Connect/#ConnectPrivate: This must match the value for the AccessPoint LocalCommunicationVersion.
0x16	0xA	Cleared to zero during the copy.

NodeLatestUpdate

This is "nn::ldn::NodeLatestUpdate". This is a 0x8-byte struct.

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	0x1	The field in state is reset to zero by #GetNetworkInfoLatestUpdate after loading it. Official apps checks whether this is non-zero.
0x1	0x7	Not initialized with #GetNetworkInfoLatestUpdate.

WirelessControllerRestriction

This is "nn::ldn::WirelessControllerRestriction". This is an u32 enum.

This is used to determine the value passed to btm SetWlanMode.

Value	Description
0
1	This is the default.

SecurityConfig

This is "nn::ldn::SecurityConfig". This is a 0x44-byte struct with 2-byte alignment.

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	0x2	Type, a default of value 1 can be used here. Overwritten by #CreateNetwork/#CreateNetworkPrivate and #Connect/#ConnectPrivate. The value used internally by these cmds must be 1-3.
0x2	0x2	Data size. Must be 0x10-0x40.
0x4	0x40	Data, used with key derivation.

Type:

• 1-2: Broadcast Action frame data is encrypted and is verified with SHA256.
• 3: Broadcast Action frame data is plaintext and is verified with SHA256.

• 1: Data frames are encrypted.
• 2-3: Data frames for normal data-transfer are plaintext - the network is Open.

SecurityParameter

This is "nn::ldn::SecurityParameter". This is a 0x20-byte struct with 1-byte alignment.

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	0x10	Data, used with the same key derivation as #SecurityConfig.
0x10	0x10	NetworkId, see #NetworkInfo.

UserConfig

This is "nn::ldn::UserConfig". This is a 0x30-byte struct with 1-byte alignment.

sdknso copies the input UserConfig to a tmp struct on stack, which is then used with the cmd.

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	0x20	NUL-terminated string for the user nickname.
0x20	0x10	Cleared to zero during the copy.

AddressEntry

This is "nn::ldn::AddressEntry". This is a 0xC-byte struct.

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	0x4	#Ipv4Address
0x4	0x6	MacAddress
0xA	0x2	Padding

AcceptPolicy

This is "nn::ldn::AcceptPolicy". This is an u8.

Value	Description
0	Allow all.
1	Deny all.
2	Blacklist, addresses in the list are not allowed.
3	Whitelist, only addresses in the list are allowed.

MacAddress

This is "nn::ldn::MacAddress". This is a 6-byte struct with 1-byte alignment.

NodeInfo

This is "nn::ldn::NodeInfo".

The fields listed as Reserved are cleared during the memset and are not written to again afterwards, with cmds which return #NetworkInfo.

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	0x4	#Ipv4Address
0x4	0x6	MacAddress
0xA	0x1	s8 ID / index
0xB	0x1	IsConnected
0xC	0x20	First 0x20-bytes of #UserConfig.
0x2C	0x2	Reserved
0x2E	0x2	s16 LocalCommunicationVersion
0x30	0x10	Reserved

ConnectOption

This is "nn::ldn::ConnectOption". This is an u32 bitmask.

There's two versions of the sdknso funcs for #Connect/#ConnectPrivate: the version where the ConnectOption isn't user-specified uses a default value of 0x1 for it, with the same ShowError code without the bit0 check.

When bit0 here is set after using the above cmds, the sdknso funcs will use ShowError with the returned Result if: (rc & 0x3FE1FF) == 0xE0CB.

This must be <=0x1, besides this validation ConnectOption is ignored by #Connect/#ConnectPrivate.

OperationMode

This is "nn::ldn::OperationMode". This is an u32 enum.

This controls bit1 in the value passed to wlan:lcl cmd0/cmd1: bit1 = OperationMode==1.

Value 1 seems to affect power (?) related fields in the beacon tags?

Value	Description
0	This is the default.
1

MacAddress

This is "nn::lp2p::MacAddress". Same as MacAddress.

GroupId

This is "nn::lp2p::GroupId". This is a 6-byte struct with 1-byte alignment.

This is a WiFi BSSID.

NodeInfo

This is "nn::lp2p::NodeInfo". This is a 0x80-byte struct.

Offset	Size	Description
0x0		struct sockaddr for the IP address.
0x24	0x6	MacAddress

GroupInfo

This is "nn::lp2p::GroupInfo". This is a 0x200-byte struct.

mklive sets the SSID to a string generated from random data.

Scan only uses the following fields for the cmd input struct: SupportedPlatform/Priority, Frequency/Channel, and PresharedKeyBinarySize/PresharedKey.

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	0x10	When zero, this is set to randomly-generated data. Used during key derivation.
0x10	0x8	LocalCommunicationId. When zero, the value from control.nacp is loaded. This is later validated by #Join/#CreateGroup the same way as the #NetworkConfig field. Used during key derivation.
0x18	0x6	#GroupId ("GROUP ID (BSSID)"). When zero, the default is used. The default should be used here: an error is thrown if the data here doesn't match the output from wlan:lcl cmd2.
0x1E	0x21	ServiceName ("GROUP NAME (SSID)"). NUL-terminated string. See below.
0x3F	0x1	s8 Flags count. Must be <=0x3F.
0x40	0x40	Array of s8 with the above count. Each entry value must be <=0x3F. Each entry is an array index used to load a set of flags from a global array with the specified index. global_flags are also masked with flags loaded from here. User-processes use entryval=1 as the default, with [11.0.0+] entryval=0 can be used for standard WPA2-PSK (see +0x8A).
0x80	0x1	SupportedPlatform. Must match value 1. 0 is PlatformIdNX, 1 is PlatformIdFuji.
0x81	0x1	MemberCountMax. s8, Must be <=0x8. During group creation this is passed to wlan:lcl cmd40, when this is value 0 a default of value 1 is passed. During group-creation when the below +0x88 field is not value 0x2, the passed WlanMode is x81_field_val > 3.
0x82	0x1
0x84	0x2	Frequency. Wifi frequency: 24 = 2.4GHz, 50 = 5GHz.
0x86	0x2	s16 Channel ("CHANNEL"). Wifi channel number. 0 = use default, otherwise this must be one of the following depending on the frequency field: 24: 1, 6, 11. 50: 36, 40, 44, 48.
0x88	0x1	NetworkMode. Used during group-creation to determine the WlanMode to use. When this is value 0x2, mode=3 is used, otherwise it's determined via the +0x81 field.
0x89	0x1	PerformanceRequirement.
0x8A	0x1	Security type, used during key derivation. 0 = use defaults, 1 = plaintext, 2 = encrypted. [11.0.0+] 3: Standard WPA2-PSK.
0x8B	0x1	StaticAesKeyIndex. s8, used as the array-index for selecting the KeySource used with GenerateAesKek during key derivation. Should be 1-2, otherwise GenerateAesKek is skipped and zeros are used for the AccessKey instead.
0x8D	0x1	Priority. Must match one of the following, depending on the used service (doesn't apply to #Join): 55 = SystemPriority (lp2p:sys), 90 = ApplicationPriority (lp2p:app and lp2p:sys).
0x8E	0x1	StealthEnabled. Bool flag, controls whether the SSID is hidden.
0x8F	0x1	If zero, a default value of 0x20 is used.
0x1C0	0x1	PresharedKeyBinarySize. Must be 0x20 for PresharedKeyBinary. [11.0.0+] With WPA2-PSK, this must be value 1.
0x1C1	0x3F ([9.0.0-10.2.0] 0x20)	PresharedKey. Used during key derivation. [11.0.0+] With WPA2-PSK, this is the passphrase string (length must be at least 8).

In order for the ServiceName to be valid without a new one being generated, the following checks must pass:

• It loops through the characters in the string, looking for the first '_' character:
  • The loop will exit once a '_' character is found.
  • The character must be '-', or alphanumeric (lowercase/uppercase), otherwise the function will immediately return failure.
  • The loop will also exit once string_pos is >19, in which case the function will also immediately return failure.
• Then it checks the 11 characters which follow the above:
  • The character must be hex: '0'-'9', or 'A-F' / 'a-'f.
• The following character must be a NUL-terminator.
• The last hex character above, then the characters for the whole string prior to the last hex character are summed. return sum % 0x2B == 0. u32 is used for these calculations. (Return success when sum is a multiple of 0x2B, otherwise return failure)

If the above fails, then the following runs, otherwise it just returns 0:

• It loops through the characters in the string.
  • The character must be '-', or alphanumeric (lowercase/uppercase), otherwise the function will immediately return failure.
  • The loop will exit once string_pos>20 is reached, or when a NUL-terminator is reached.
• Once finished, success is returned if string_pos-1 is <20, otherwise failure is returned (which also immediately occurs if the first character is a NUL-terminator).

If the above fails, an error is returned, otherwise a new ServiceName is generated:

• Up to 20 characters are copied from the original ServiceName to the output ServiceName, stopping once the limit is reached or when a NUL-terminator is reached.
• '_' is appended to the string.
• nn::util::TSNPrintf({strptr following the above character}, {remaining size}, "%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X", GroupId_byte3, GroupId_byte4, GroupId_byte5, (IsDevelopment ? 0x80 : 0) | 0x1, 0);
• Then the last character is set to the output from a calling a function:
  • All string characters which were already written are summed same way as above. Then: return character_lookup_table[sum % 0x2B]; (If the length passed to this function is 0, this will instead just return character_lookup_table[0])
    • character_lookup_table contains 0x2B entries: [V-A][k-a][5-0][Z-W].

loaded_flags are first loaded from elsewhere, then masked with the above flags when available. loaded_flags are used when +0x8A is 0. global_flags are loaded from global data. These flags are only used with #CreateGroup/#Join. Flags (note that the following was updated with [11.0.0+], and differs from below):

• Bit2 clear:
  • global_flags must be non-zero, and loaded_flags bit1 must be set.
  • u8 +0x8A is set to value 1.
  • When the cached IsDevelopment value is false (retail), an error is thrown.
  • u8 +0x8B is set to value 0.
• Otherwise, if bit2 is set:
  • u8 +0x8A is set to value 2.
  • global_flags bit1 set:
    • u8 +0x8B is set to value 1.
  • Otherwise, if global_flags bit2 is set:
    • u8 +0x8B is set to value 2.

ScanResult

This is "nn::lp2p::ScanResult". This is a 0x300-byte struct.

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	0x200	#GroupInfo
0x200	0x1
0x206	0x2	AdvertiseData size.
0x208	0x80	AdvertiseData

Network protocol

ldn

A beacon and Action frame are broadcasted. The SSID in the beacon is hidden (32-bytes with value 0). For #Scan/#ScanPrivate it doesn't matter if no beacon is available (#NetworkInfo is the same), as long as the Action frame is broadcasted. However, the Station will not send a probe-request during connection if no beacon is available (and therefore not attempt any communication with the AccessPoint). The beacon doesn't have any custom Nintendo data, that data is in the Acton frame.

During connection, the Station first sends a probe-request using the generated SSID from the Action frame. If the probe-response contains the expected data for the #SecurityConfig type, the Station then proceeds to connect to the AccessPoint. The key for data-frames, if enabled, is derived from a buffer containing: {#SecurityParameter+0x0} followed by {#SecurityConfig data with the specified data-size}. The #ActionFrame/data-frame keys are derived with the same func, the only difference is the input passed to this func + the passed constant data. The key derived by ldn is used directly as the static CCMP key for all data-frames (CCMP / MIC is standard).

Then the Station scans for an #ActionFrame for loading the #NetworkInfo.

Once connected, the AccessPoint sends Epigram-vendor Action frame(s) (same data) to the Station, the Station doesn't require these frames: dd1afeedfacedeadbeef010000000a00000000000000000000000000. Then the Station must Authenticate with the AccessPoint, this is custom. The Station sends a frame (a maximum of 3 times in some cases if errors occur, with the same data), and the AccessPoint sends a response. Once Authenticated, the node is added to the NodeInfo array in #NetworkInfo. If the Station does not successfully Authenticate X-seconds after connecting, the AccessPoint disconnects the Station. If the Station fails to Authenticate, the Station itself will disconnect as well.

After Authentication the Station will scan for another #ActionFrame, with frame-comparision enabled with the above frame (frame must have been updated since the previous scan). The Station locates the index for a MacAddress matching itself in the #NetworkInfo NodeInfo array (the entry for the AccessPoint is skipped), throwing an error if not found. After validating the LocalCommunicationVersion, it proceeds to handle ARP setup below.

This does not use DHCP, each node on the network has to manually setup ARP (without sending ARP network requests) with the NodeInfo array in #NetworkInfo.

At this point standard sockets can be used over Data frames.

EthFrame

The custom Ethernet frames have the following structure:

• "Type: IEEE 802a OUI Extended Ethertype (0x88b7)"
• "IEEE802a OUI Extended Ethertype":
  • "Organization Code: 00:22:aa (Nintendo Co., Ltd.)"
  • "Protocol ID: {...}"
    • Depends on the frame:
    • 0x0102: #Authentication
    • 0x0103: ?
• The first byte of Data is value 0, then the ProtocolID-specific data follows, see below.
  • ProtocolID 0x0103 frames are sent by the AccessPoint to the Station. This is 0x20-bytes of zeros, except for the first byte which is 0x3. This is sent by the AccessPoint prior to destroying the network.

Authentication

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	0x1	#AuthVersion
0x1	0x1	Low u8 for the size.
0x2	0x1	Status. 0 = success, non-zero = error.
0x3	0x1	[2.0.0+] bool flag. The AccessPoint verifies that this is not set. Always set to 1 by the AccessPoint in the response. The Station only uses this when the #AuthVersion is >=2.
0x4	0x1	[6.0.0+] High u8 for the size.
0x5	0x3	Unused, zeros.
0x8	0x20	#NetworkInfo+0, must match the corresponding data in #NetworkInfo when the receiving node verifies this. With the AccessPoint->Station frame, the Station verifies that this matches the data previously sent to the AccessPoint.
0x28	0x10	#NetworkInfo+0x50, must match the corresponding data in #NetworkInfo when the receiving node verifies this. With the AccessPoint->Station frame, the Station verifies that this matches the data previously sent to the AccessPoint.
0x38	0x10	See below.
0x48		Frame-specific data, with the above size. The total frame size - {offset of the start of this data in the frame} must match the above size.

The Station sets the above size to 0x40 ([6.0.0+] if #NetworkInfo+0x13 is <3). [6.0.0+] The Authentication challenge is only used/enabled if that value is >=3, and #IUserLocalCommunicationService is being used.

The AccessPoint sets the above size to 0x40 ([6.0.0+] 0x0 if the +0x0 #AuthVersion is <3). [6.0.0+] The AccessPoint will only use/enable the Authentication challenge when the +0x0 #AuthVersion is >=3, and #IUserLocalCommunicationService is being used. This data will not be included in the frame if the status field indicates error.

[6.0.0+] Support for the Authentication challenge with es cmds 1501-1504 was added.

Station->AccessPoint frame, relative to +0x0 above (frame size depends on whether +0xAC is enabled):

The AccessPoint will not respond to frames where the source mac-address is unrecognized.

Offset	Size	Description
0x38	0x10	The Station sets this to random data. Unused by the AccessPoint, except for copying into the response.
0x48	0x20	#UserConfig+0. Copied into state by the AccessPoint.
0x68	0x2	Big-endian LocalCommunicationVersion. Byte-swapped by the AccessPoint then copied into state.
0x6A	0x1E	Zeros, unused by the AccessPoint.
0x88	0x24	[6.0.0+] Zeros, unused by the AccessPoint.
0xAC	0x300	[6.0.0+] Authentication challenge data. If enabled, the total frame size must be >= {end offset of this data in the frame}. The frame data does not include this if it's not enabled.

AccessPoint->Station response frame, relative to +0x0 above (frame size depends on whether +0x48/+0xCC are enabled):

Offset	Size	Description
0x38	0x10	+0x38 from the data originally sent by the Station. The Station verifies that this matches the previously sent data.
0x48	0x40	Zeros. [6.0.0+] Only included in the frame if it's enabled (+0x0 #AuthVersion >= 3). Unused by the Station.
0x88	0x44	[6.0.0+] Only included in the frame if it's enabled (+0x0 #AuthVersion >= 3). Unused by the Station.
0xCC	0x100	[6.0.0+] If enabled, Authentication challenge response data. Not included in the frame if it's not enabled.

AuthVersion

Must be 0x1-0xF.

Value	SystemVersion
1	[1.0.0+]
2	[2.0.0+]
3	[6.0.0+]

ActionFrame

The Action frames have the following structure:

• "Fixed parameters":
  • "Category code: Vendor Specific (127)"
  • "OUI: 00:22:aa (Nintendo Co., Ltd.)"
• The Data starts with the following header:

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	0x2	04 00 in sent frames.
0x2	0x2	Protocol ID, must be 0x0101.
0x4	0x2	Must be 0.
0x6	0x2	Zeros, unused.

Then the actual data follows:

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	0x20	#NetworkInfo+0x0. The u64/u16 are big-endian. Outside of #Scan/#ScanPrivate, this must match the previously loaded data for this.
0x20	0x1	#AuthVersion. Copied to #NetworkInfo+0x63. When comparing with a previous frame is enabled, this must match the value from the previous frame.
0x21	0x1	Encryption type: 1 = plaintext, 2 = encrypted, {frames with other values are ignored by #Scan/#ScanPrivate}. Must match the type which is currently being used: with #Scan/#ScanPrivate this is determined via this field, otherwise #SecurityConfig is used to determine this.
0x22	0x2	Big-endian u16 size for the data starting at +0x48, must be <=0x500, and must match {total frame size relative to +0x0 above} + 0x48.
0x24	0x4	Big-endian u32 Counter. The initial value is randomly-generated. This is incremented each time the below content is updated (including initial creation). Also used by the Station to determine whether the frame changed compared to a previous one. When comparing against a previous frame, new_counter-prev_counter must be <= 0xFF, and the counters must not match.
0x28	0x20	SHA256 hash over the entire frame starting at +0x0, with the above size + 0x48. During hashing, this hash is cleared, with the new hash overwriting the original in memory (the original is copied to stack for comparing).

When encryption is enabled, the encrypted data is +0x28 with size {remaining frame size}. This is encrypted with AES-128-CTR. The key is derived from the raw 0x20-bytes at +0x0. The CTR is {raw Counter above without byte-swap}, with the rest cleared to zeros.

The content data at +0x48 follows, which has the size specified above (which must be >=0x500), where all fields are big-endian:

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	0x10	#NetworkInfo+0x50
0x10	0x2	#NetworkInfo+0x60
0x12	0x1	#NetworkInfo+0x62
0x13	0x3	Unused
0x16	0x1	s8 #NetworkInfo+0x66, clamped to range 1-8.
0x17	0x1	s8 #NetworkInfo+0x67, clamped to range 1-8.
0x18	0x1C0(0x38*8)	Array of the below node struct.
0x1D8	0x2	Unused
0x1DA	0x2	#NetworkInfo+0x26A
0x1DC	0x180	#NetworkInfo+0x26C
0x35C	0x19C	Unused
0x4F8	0x8	[6.0.0+] #NetworkInfo+0x478

The data here is copied into #NetworkInfo.

Node data used in the above array (all fields big-endian), which are copied into the #NetworkInfo NodeInfo array:

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	0x4	#Ipv4Address
0x4	0x6	MacAddress
0xA	0x1	bool IsConnected
0xB	0x1	Unused
0xC	0x20	First 0x20-bytes of #UserConfig.
0x2C	0x2	s16 LocalCommunicationVersion
0x2E	0xA	Unused

lp2p

This is used for communicating with accessories (external devices on [11.0.0+]) over local wifi. Mario Kart Live: Home Circuit uses this. [11.0.0+] LibraryAppletPhotoViewer uses this.

A beacon is broadcasted.

Action frames are only sent when done so by #SendToOtherGroup (other than the Epigram one mentioned below).

Communication uses sockets with standard Data frames and the above Action frames. Switch consoles presumably only use the Action frames to communicate with each other?

The key derived by ldn-sysmodule is used directly as the static CCMP key for all data-frames (CCMP / MIC is standard). However, with #GroupInfo+0x8A value 3, standard WPA2-PSK is used instead.

This uses infrastructure-mode (AccessPoint), and DHCP is used. The group-owner is the AccessPoint. Note that the probe response includes the same Nintendo tags included with the beacon. Once connected, the group-owner sends the same Epigram-vendor Action frame(s) described in #ldn. At this point socket communication can begin, including DHCP usage.

The DHCP server thread is started by the "nn.lp2p.StateMachine" thread eventually during group creation. The DHCP Offer option values are the following:

• "Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0"
• "DHCP Server Identifier: {...}"
• "Broadcast Address: {...}"
• "IP Address Lease Time: (5s) 5 seconds"
• "Renewal Time Value: (0s) 0 seconds"
• "Rebinding Time Value: (0s) 0 seconds"
• "Interface MTU: 1500"

Note that the above options doesn't include "Domain Name Server" or "Router", the client device may fail to connect if it doesn't allow those DHCP options to be missing.

Beacon

The SSID in the beacon can optionally be hidden (all-zero with the same length as the original SSID). The beacon contains two custom Nintendo tags with OUI 00:22:aa; each tag has a 2-byte ID following the OUI. These Nintendo tags are not used when standard WPA2-PSK is being used. The beacon is identical to ldn, except for the following (besides SSID length difference and the lp2p-only Nintendo tags):

• "Tag: Traffic Indication Map (TIM)": "DTIM count" for lp2p is 1, with ldn it's 0.
• "Tag: HT Capabilities (802.11n D1.10)": "HT Short GI for 20MHz" is set to "Not supported", for ldn it's "Supported".
• "Tag: Vendor Specific: Microsoft Corp.: WMM/WME: Parameter Element" "Ac Parameters ACI 0": "CW Min: 15" for lp2p, "CW Min: 63" for ldn.

Note that during group creation the beacon may be missing the Nintendo tags in some cases, since group creation didn't finish yet.

The first Nintendo tag (ID 0x0600) contains the following data:

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	0x2	Usually 20 02?(Second byte depends on whether encryption is used?)
0x2	0x2	Usually 01 00 or 02 00?(varies)
0x4	0x8	Big-endian version of #GroupInfo+0x10.
0xC	0x10	Same as #GroupInfo+0x0.
0x1C		Start of encrypted (and crypto-related) data if enabled. 0x22-bytes when encrypted, 0xE-bytes when plaintext.

The second Nintendo tag (ID 0x0601) contains the following data (data is encrypted if enabled, there's also an additional 0x14-bytes when encrypted):

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	0x1	Plaintext: usually 21?
0x1	0x1	Plaintext: AdvertiseData size
0x2	{above size}	Plaintext: AdvertiseData

ActionFrame

The Action frames have the following structure:

• "Fixed parameters":
  • "Category code: Vendor Specific (127)"
  • "OUI: 00:22:aa (Nintendo Co., Ltd.)"
• The Data starts with the following:

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	0x2	Usually 06 00?
0x2	0x2	Usually 20 02?(Second byte depends on whether encryption is used?)
0x4	0x2	Usually 02 00?(varies)
0x6	0x8	Big-endian version of #GroupInfo+0x10.
0xE	0x10	Same as #GroupInfo+0x0.

When encryption is used, the remaining data is:

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	0x4	Big-endian u32 Counter. The initial value is randomly-generated (?). This is incremented with each sent Action frame.
0x4	{remaining size}	Encrypted user-data. Also includes 0x10-bytes of unknown data.

When plaintext is used, the remaining data is:

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	{remaining size}	Plaintext user-data.