Flash Filesystem: Difference between revisions

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== Boot Partitions ==
== Boot Partitions ==
'''Boot Partition 0 (0 of 1)'''
'''Boot Partition 0 (0 of 1)'''


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|}
|}


The active bootloader's version (offset 0x2330 in the BCT) acts as an index to control which keyblob should be installed into the system.
The active bootloader's version (offset 0x2330 in the BCT) acts as an index (<code>version-1</code>) to control which keyblob should be installed into the system.
[[NS_Services|NS]] uses this during system updates to install the keyblob into the [[BCT#customer_data|customer data]] section in BCTs (offset 0x450).
[[NS_Services|NS]] uses this during system updates to install the keyblob into the [[BCT#customer_data|customer data]] section in BCTs (offset 0x450).


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|  GPT header, Bis-storage also allows raw access to the entire NAND eMMC sectors starting at sector0. The official name for this partition is "UserDataRoot".
|  GPT header, Bis-storage also allows raw access to the entire NAND eMMC sectors starting at sector0. The official name for this partition is "UserDataRoot".
|-
|-
|  [[Calibration|PRODINFO]]
|  [[Calibration#CalibrationBinary|PRODINFO]]
|  {98109E25-64E2-4C95-8A77-414916F5BCEB}
|  {98109E25-64E2-4C95-8A77-414916F5BCEB}
|  0x00004400
|  0x00004400
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|  "CAL0" raw partition containing set:cal data. The official name for this partition is "CalibrationBinary".
|  "CAL0" raw partition containing set:cal data. The official name for this partition is "CalibrationBinary".
|-
|-
|  [[Calibration|PRODINFOF]]
|  [[Calibration#CalibrationFile|PRODINFOF]]
|  {F3056AEC-5449-494C-9F2C-5FDCB75B6E6E}
|  {F3056AEC-5449-494C-9F2C-5FDCB75B6E6E}
|  0x00400000
|  0x00400000
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Encrypted partitions use AES-XTS using the same non-standard tweak (tweak[0] = sectorIdx[MSB] .. tweak[15] = sectorIdx[LSB], if using 32bit sectorIdx that means tweak[0]..tweak[11] are 0, with tweak[12]..tweak[15] containing big-endian sectorIdx) as other Nintendo AES-XTS code, initial_sector = 0, and sector size 0x4000. All encrypted partitions use console unique keydata.
Encrypted partitions use AES-XTS using the same non-standard tweak (tweak[0] = sectorIdx[MSB] .. tweak[15] = sectorIdx[LSB], if using 32bit sectorIdx that means tweak[0]..tweak[11] are 0, with tweak[12]..tweak[15] containing big-endian sectorIdx) as other Nintendo AES-XTS code, initial_sector = 0, and sector size 0x4000. All encrypted partitions use console unique keydata.
=== PRODINFOF ===
PRODINFOF
├── Certifications
│  └── WirelessCertification.png
└── ptd
    ├── DeviceIdWithEmsBit.dat
    ├── Ecid.dat
    ├── prodCode.dat
    └── log
        ├── Process_asm1.log
        ├── Process_board1.log
        ├── TestFlagLine.log
        ├── TestFlagQc.log
        ├── AGING
        │  └── Sequence.log
        ├── BOARD_TEST
        │  └── Sequence.log
        ├── BOARD_WIRELESS
        │  └── Sequence.log
        ├── FINAL_CHECK
        │  └── Sequence.log
        ├── LCD_AND_KEY
        │  └── Sequence.log
        └── USB_AND_HP
            └── Sequence.log
==== DeviceIdWithEmsBit.dat ====
Contains a 0x10-byte uppercase hex string, identical to the DeviceId in the [[Settings_services|DeviceCert]].


=== SYSTEM ===
=== SYSTEM ===
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On a v2.1 system with MountBis, the only thing under here is "PRF2SAFE.RCV".
On a v2.1 system with MountBis, the only thing under here is "PRF2SAFE.RCV".


= System Savegames =
== SystemSaveData ==
 
See [[SystemSaveData]].
This is a listing of known System Savedata and what titles they correspond to.
 
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
! SaveID || Owner || Mount || Notes
|-
| 0x8000000000000000 || fs || <nowiki>saveDataIxrDb:/</nowiki>, <nowiki>saveDataIxrDbSf:/</nowiki>, <nowiki>saveDataIxrDbPr:/</nowiki>, <nowiki>saveDataIxrDbSd:/</nowiki> || Contains [[IMKV|imkvdb.arc]] and "lastPublishedId".
|-
| 0x8000000000000010 || account || <nowiki>account:/</nowiki> || Account database.
|-
| 0x8000000000000011 || account || <nowiki>idgen:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000020 || nfc || <nowiki>data:/</nowiki> || NFC data and backups.
|-
| 0x8000000000000030 || ns || <nowiki>mii:/</nowiki> || Mii database.
|-
| 0x8000000000000031 || ns || <nowiki>mii:/</nowiki> || Mii test mode database.
|-
| 0x8000000000000040 || ns || <nowiki>apprecdb:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000041 || ns || <nowiki>nsaccache:/</nowiki> || Home menu icondata/lru list for recently played games.
|-
| 0x8000000000000043 || ns || <nowiki>ns_appman:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000044 || ns || <nowiki>ns_sysup:/</nowiki> || Content update context.
|-
| 0x8000000000000045 || ns || <nowiki>[1.0.0-6.2.0] vmdb:/, [7.0.0+] lrdb:/</nowiki> || Required Version List storage. Also contained Version List storage before 7.0.0.
|-
| 0x8000000000000046 || ns || <nowiki>dtlman:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000047 || ns || <nowiki>ns_exfat:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000048 || ns || <nowiki>ns_systemseed:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000049 || ns || <nowiki>ns_ssversion:/</nowiki> || Safe System version.
|-
| 0x800000000000004A || ns || <nowiki>ns_rightsid:/</nowiki> || List of RightsIDs with NCA IDs for corresponding Program title.
|-
| 0x8000000000000050 || settings || <nowiki>SystemSettings:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000051 || settings || <nowiki>FwdbgSettingsS:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000052 || settings || <nowiki>PrivateSettings:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000053 || settings || <nowiki>DeviceSettings:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000054 || settings || <nowiki>ApplnSettings:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000060 || ssl || <nowiki>SslSave:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000070 || nim || <nowiki>nim_sys:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000071 || nim || <nowiki>nim_net:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000072 || nim || <nowiki>nim_tmp:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000073 || nim || <nowiki>nim_dac:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000074 || nim || <nowiki>nim_delta:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000075 || nim || <nowiki>nim_vac:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000076 || nim || <nowiki>nim_local:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000077 || nim || <nowiki>nim_lsys:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000078 || nim || <nowiki>nim_eca_dbg:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000080 || friends || <nowiki>friends:/</nowiki> || Per-user savedata.
|-
| 0x8000000000000081 || friends || <nowiki>friends-sys:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000082 || friends || <nowiki>friends-image:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000090 || bcat || <nowiki>news:/</nowiki> || Actual news msgpack archives.
|-
| 0x8000000000000091 || bcat || <nowiki>news-sys:/</nowiki> || News metadata, tasklist, history, database, required system version, etc.
|-
| 0x8000000000000092 || bcat || <nowiki>news-dl:/</nowiki> || Storage for newly(?) downloaded news list/data.
|-
| 0x80000000000000A0 || bcat || <nowiki>prepo-sys:/</nowiki> || Play Report system information.
|-
| 0x80000000000000A1 || bcat || <nowiki>prepo:/</nowiki> || Play Report msgpack archives.
|-
| 0x80000000000000A2 || bcat || <nowiki>prepo-ap:/</nowiki> || Play Report msgpack archives of EventId "application_execution_history".
|-
| 0x80000000000000B0 || bsdsockets || <nowiki>nsdsave:/</nowiki> || Socket configuration saved data.
|-
| 0x80000000000000C1 || bcat || <nowiki>bcat-sys:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x80000000000000C2 || bcat || <nowiki>bcat-dl:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x80000000000000D1 || erpt || <nowiki>save:/</nowiki> || Contains "/journal" report listing + actual crash reports ("/%08x-%04x-%04x-%02x%02x-%04x%08x"), which are serialized via [http://msgpack.org/ MsgPack].
|-
| 0x80000000000000E0 || es || <nowiki>escertificate:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x80000000000000E1 || es || <nowiki>escommon:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x80000000000000E2 || es || <nowiki>espersonalized:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x80000000000000E3 || es || <nowiki>esmetarecord:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x80000000000000E4 || es || <nowiki>eselicense:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x80000000000000F0 || ns || <nowiki>pdm:/</nowiki> || Play Data log. Per-user savedata.
|-
| 0x8000000000000100 || pctl || <nowiki>pctlss:/</nowiki> || Parental Control settings.
|-
| 0x8000000000000110 || npns || <nowiki>npns_save:/</nowiki> || Push notifications persistent storage.
|-
| 0x8000000000000120 || ncm || ? || meta/[[IMKV|imkvdb.arc]] for system partition. Cache of data extracted from the [[CNMT]] for installed firmware titles (including 816).
|-
| 0x8000000000000121 || ncm || ? || meta/[[IMKV|imkvdb.arc]] for user partition. Cache of data extracted from the [[CNMT]] for installed game, update, and DLC titles.
|-
| 0x8000000000000122 || ncm || ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000130 || migration || <nowiki>state:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000131 || migration || <nowiki>context:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000132 || migration || <nowiki>sd_state:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000133 || migration || <nowiki>sd_context:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000140 || capsrv || <nowiki>TM:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000150 || olsc || <nowiki>olsc:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000151 || olsc || <nowiki>olsc:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000152 || olsc || <nowiki>olsc:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000153 || olsc || <nowiki>repair:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000180 || sdb || [7.0.0+] <nowiki>vmdb:/</nowiki> || Version list was moved here in 7.0.0 or 7.0.1
|-
| 0x8000000000000190 || glue || ? ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000220 || erpt || <nowiki>sprof:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000001010 || qlaunch || || Contains "savedata.dat".
|-
| 0x8000000000001020 || swkbd || || Per-user savedata.
|-
| 0x8000000000001040 || miiEdit || ||
|-
| 0x8000000000001050 || miiEdit || || Contains "database.dat". Possibly Mii data and Mii texture data?
|-
| 0x8000000000001060 || shop || ||
|-
| 0x8000000000001061 || shop || || Per-user savedata.
|-
| 0x8000000000001070 || web || ||
|-
| 0x8000000000001071 || web || || Per-user savedata.
|-
| 0x8000000000001091 || loginShare || || Per-user savedata.
|-
| 0x80000000000010B0 || playerSelect || || Contains "savedata.dat". Per-user savedata.
|-
| 0x80000000000010C0 || myPage || || Per-user savedata.
|-
| 0x8000000000002020 || ns || <nowiki>ns_confidential:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000010002 || bcat || || Delivery cache storage for application 010099F00D810000
|-
| 0x8000000000010003 || bcat || || Delivery cache storage for application 0100000000001033
|-
| 0x8000000000010004 || bcat || || Delivery cache storage for application 0100000000001034
|-
| 0x8000000000010005 || bcat || || Delivery cache storage for application 010000000000102E
|}

Latest revision as of 01:48, 13 July 2025

NAND structure

The Switch's eMMC storage features a large user area, two smaller boot partitions and a replay-protected memory block which is unused (no authentication key is programmed).

All official partition names come from SystemInitializer.

Boot Partitions

Boot Partition 0 (0 of 1)

The official name for this partition is "BootPartition1Root" and it has Bis Partition ID == 0.

Offset Size Description
0x000000 0x4000 Normal Firmware BCT from Title 0100000000000819
0x004000 0x4000 SafeMode Firmware BCT from Title 010000000000081A
0x008000 0x4000 Normal Firmware BCT from Title 0100000000000819 (backup)
0x00C000 0x4000 SafeMode Firmware BCT from Title 010000000000081A (backup)
0x010000 0xEC000 59 additional BCTs, normally unused/empty on retail systems.
0x0FC000 0x4000 System Update Control area
0x100000 0x40000 Normal Firmware package1 from Title 0100000000000819
0x140000 0x40000 Normal Firmware package1 from Title 0100000000000819 (backup)
0x180000 0x4000 Keyblob area
0x184000 0x200 [2.0.0+] NAND Patrol area

Boot Partition 1 (1 of 1)

The official name for this partition is "BootPartition2Root" and it has Bis Partition ID == 10.

Offset Size Description
0x000000 0x40000 SafeMode Firmware package1 from Title 010000000000081A
0x040000 0x40000 SafeMode Firmware package1 from Title 010000000000081A (backup)
0x080000 0x40000 Reserved
0x0C0000 0x40000 Reserved

System Update Control

The 0x4000 bytes at offset 0xFC000 are used by NS and boot for keeping track of the status of a system update. This area is used by the ISystemUpdateControl commands ApplyDownloadedUpdate, ApplyCardUpdate and ApplyReceivedUpdate.

Offset Size Description
0x0 0x1 BootImages status. Set to 1 by NS during a system update and cleared by boot after restarting.
0x1 0x1 BootImagesSafe status. Set to 1 by NS during a system update and cleared by boot after restarting.

Keyblob

Starting at offset 0x180000 is an array of 0x200-byte entries, for a total of 32 keyblobs. Each one is unique compared to the others and they are all console unique. This is officially known as the "EKS" (encryption key source) area.

From each 0x200-byte entry only the first 0xB0 bytes effectively form the keyblob as below.

Offset Size Description
0x0 0x10 Keyblob AES-CMAC over the next 0xA0 bytes (safe against timing attacks)
0x10 0x10 Keyblob AES CTR
0x20 0x90 Keyblob encrypted payload
0xB0 0x150 Unused, all-zero.

The active bootloader's version (offset 0x2330 in the BCT) acts as an index (version-1) to control which keyblob should be installed into the system. NS uses this during system updates to install the keyblob into the customer data section in BCTs (offset 0x450).

Boot also uses this index for repairing corrupt sectors.

The currently active keyblob is officially known as "SecureInfo".

NAND Patrol

The 0x200 bytes at offset 0x184000 are used by FS for keeping track of NAND patrolling.

Offset Size Description
0x0 0x20 HMAC-SHA-256 over the next 0x1E0 bytes
0x20 0x4 Last patrolled NAND block's offset
0x24 0x4 NAND patrol count
0x28 0x1D8 Unused, all-zero.

User Partitions

Partition name Partition type GUID Offset Size Bis Partition ID Encrypted Description
N/A 0x0 20 No GPT header, Bis-storage also allows raw access to the entire NAND eMMC sectors starting at sector0. The official name for this partition is "UserDataRoot".
PRODINFO {98109E25-64E2-4C95-8A77-414916F5BCEB} 0x00004400 0x003FBC00 27 Yes (Bis key 0) "CAL0" raw partition containing set:cal data. The official name for this partition is "CalibrationBinary".
PRODINFOF {F3056AEC-5449-494C-9F2C-5FDCB75B6E6E} 0x00400000 0x00400000 28 Yes (Bis key 0) FAT12 filesystem, additional calibration. The official name for this partition is "CalibrationFile".
BCPKG2-1-Normal-Main {5365DE36-911B-4BB4-8FF9-AA1EBCD73990} 0x00800000 0x00800000 21 No Raw partition where the first 0x4000 bytes (usually empty) contain the BootConfig and the remaining space contains the package2 image from Title 0100000000000819 by default. With the exFAT update installed, the package2 image is switched to the one from Title 010000000000081B. The official name for this partition is "BootConfigAndPackage2Part1".
BCPKG2-2-Normal-Sub {8455717B-BD2B-4162-8454-91695218FC38} 0x01000000 0x00800000 22 No Backup partition for BCPKG2-1-Normal-Main. The official name for this partition is "BootConfigAndPackage2Part2".
BCPKG2-3-SafeMode-Main {8ED6C9A6-9C48-490B-BBEB-001D17A4C0F7} 0x01800000 0x00800000 23 No Raw partition where the first 0x4000 bytes (usually empty) contain the BootConfig and the remaining space contains the package2 image from Title 010000000000081A by default. On [4.0.0+] and with the exFAT update installed, the package2 image is switched to the one from Title 010000000000081C. The official name for this partition is "BootConfigAndPackage2Part3".
BCPKG2-4-SafeMode-Sub {5E99751C-56C9-47CC-AA30-B65039888917} 0x02000000 0x00800000 24 No Backup partition for BCPKG2-3-SafeMode-Main. The official name for this partition is "BootConfigAndPackage2Part4".
BCPKG2-5-Repair-Main {C447D9A2-24B7-468A-98C8-595CD077165A} 0x02800000 0x00800000 25 No Installed at the factory, never written afterwards on retail. In one case this is identical to normal 1.0.0 package2, except this has encrypted data at the end padded for 0x1000-byte alignment. The official name for this partition is "BootConfigAndPackage2Part5".
BCPKG2-6-Repair-Sub {9586E1A1-3AA2-4C90-91B3-2F4A5195B4D2} 0x03000000 0x00800000 26 No Backup partition for BCPKG2-5-Repair-Main. The official name for this partition is "BootConfigAndPackage2Part6".
SAFE {A44F9F6B-4ED3-441F-A34A-56AAA136BC6A} 0x03800000 0x04000000 29 Yes (Bis key 1) FAT32 filesystem. The official name for this partition is "SafeMode".
SYSTEM {ACB0CDF0-4F72-432D-AA0D-5388C733B224} 0x07800000 0xA0000000 31, 32 and 33 Yes (Bis key 2) FAT32 filesystem. The official names for these partitions are "System", "SystemProperEncryption" and "SystemProperPartition".
USER {2B777F63-E842-47AF-94C4-25A7F18B2280} 0xA7800000 0x680000000 30 Yes (Bis key 3) FAT32 filesystem.
0x747BFFE00 0x200 No This is the backup GPT header specified by the main GPT header. This is also the last sector readable with Bis-storage paritionID 20.

If the client process lacks the relevant permission for any of the above partition IDs, error 0x2EE202 is returned.

NCAs stored in NAND are raw, identical to the data readable with NCM_services#ReadContentIdFile.

The filenames for saveimages is just "<lower-case hex u64 saveID>". SYSTEM-partition saveIDs are specified by FS commands, while USER-partition saveIDs are determined by FS-module internally. The high u32 of the saveID is normally either 0x00000000 or 0x80000000.

Encrypted partitions use AES-XTS using the same non-standard tweak (tweak[0] = sectorIdx[MSB] .. tweak[15] = sectorIdx[LSB], if using 32bit sectorIdx that means tweak[0]..tweak[11] are 0, with tweak[12]..tweak[15] containing big-endian sectorIdx) as other Nintendo AES-XTS code, initial_sector = 0, and sector size 0x4000. All encrypted partitions use console unique keydata.

SYSTEM

SYSTEM
├── PRF2SAFE.RCV
├── Contents
│   ├── registered
│   │   └── ... NCA
│   └── placehld
│       └── ... NCA
├── save
│   └── ...
└── saveMeta
    └── ... (empty?)

The saves stored under this partition are only for system-titles / etc.

USER

USER
├── PRF2SAFE.RCV
├── Album (Same layout as SD)
├── Contents
│   ├── registered
│   │   └── ... NCA
│   └── placehld
│       └── ... NCA
├── save
│   └── ...
├── saveMeta
│   └── ... 
└── temp

The saves for all non-system applications, regardless of where the application is located(storageID), is stored here. Each user account which has savedata has a separate saveimage. Save-common for an application is presumably a separate saveimage too. Every saveimage here is only for applications.

SAFE

SAFE
├── PRF2SAFE.RCV
├── Contents
│   ├── registered
│   │   └── ... NCA (nothing installed?)
│   └── placehld
│       └── ... NCA
└── save
    ├── 8000000000000000
    └── 8000000000000120

On a v2.1 system with MountBis, the only thing under here is "PRF2SAFE.RCV".

SystemSaveData

See SystemSaveData.

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