SVC

System calls

ID	Return Type	Name	Arguments
0x01	Result	SetHeapSize	uintptr_t *out_address, size_t size
0x02	Result	SetMemoryPermission	uintptr_t address, size_t size, MemoryPermission perm
0x03	Result	SetMemoryAttribute	uintptr_t address, size_t size, uint32_t mask, uint32_t attr
0x04	Result	MapMemory	uintptr_t dst_address, uintptr_t src_address, size_t size
0x05	Result	UnmapMemory	uintptr_t dst_address, uintptr_t src_address, size_t size
0x06	Result	QueryMemory	arch::MemoryInfo *out_memory_info, PageInfo *out_page_info, uintptr_t address
0x07	void	ExitProcess
0x08	Result	CreateThread	Handle *out_handle, ThreadFunc func, uintptr_t arg, uintptr_t stack_bottom, int32_t priority, int32_t core_id
0x09	Result	StartThread	Handle thread_handle
0x0A	void	ExitThread
0x0B	void	SleepThread	int64_t ns
0x0C	Result	GetThreadPriority	int32_t *out_priority, Handle thread_handle
0x0D	Result	SetThreadPriority	Handle thread_handle, int32_t priority
0x0E	Result	GetThreadCoreMask	int32_t *out_core_id, uint64_t *out_affinity_mask, Handle thread_handle
0x0F	Result	SetThreadCoreMask	Handle thread_handle, int32_t core_id, uint64_t affinity_mask
0x10	int32_t	GetCurrentProcessorNumber
0x11	Result	SignalEvent	Handle event_handle
0x12	Result	ClearEvent	Handle event_handle
0x13	Result	MapSharedMemory	Handle shmem_handle, uintptr_t address, size_t size, MemoryPermission map_perm
0x14	Result	UnmapSharedMemory	Handle shmem_handle, uintptr_t address, size_t size
0x15	Result	CreateTransferMemory	Handle *out_handle, uintptr_t address, size_t size, MemoryPermission map_perm
0x16	Result	CloseHandle	Handle handle
0x17	Result	ResetSignal	Handle handle
0x18	Result	WaitSynchronization	int32_t *out_index, const Handle *handles, int32_t numHandles, int64_t timeout_ns
0x19	Result	CancelSynchronization	Handle handle
0x1A	Result	ArbitrateLock	Handle thread_handle, uintptr_t address, uint32_t tag
0x1B	Result	ArbitrateUnlock	uintptr_t address
0x1C	Result	WaitProcessWideKeyAtomic	uintptr_t address, uintptr_t cv_key, uint32_t tag, int64_t timeout_ns
0x1D	void	SignalProcessWideKey	uintptr_t cv_key, int32_t count
0x1E	int64_t	GetSystemTick
0x1F	Result	ConnectToNamedPort	Handle *out_handle, const char *name
0x20	Result	SendSyncRequestLight	Handle session_handle
0x21	Result	SendSyncRequest	Handle session_handle
0x22	Result	SendSyncRequestWithUserBuffer	uintptr_t message_buffer, size_t message_buffer_size, Handle session_handle
0x23	Result	SendAsyncRequestWithUserBuffer	Handle *out_event_handle, uintptr_t message_buffer, size_t message_buffer_size, Handle session_handle
0x24	Result	GetProcessId	uint64_t *out_process_id, Handle process_handle
0x25	Result	GetThreadId	uint64_t *out_thread_id, Handle thread_handle
0x26	void	Break	BreakReason break_reason, uintptr_t arg, size_t size
0x27	Result	OutputDebugString	const char *debug_str, size_t len
0x28	void	ReturnFromException	Result result
0x29	Result	GetInfo	uint64_t *out, InfoType info_type, Handle handle, uint64_t info_subtype
0x2A	void	FlushEntireDataCache
0x2B	Result	FlushDataCache	uintptr_t address, size_t size
[3.0.0+] 0x2C	Result	MapPhysicalMemory	uintptr_t address, size_t size
[3.0.0+] 0x2D	Result	UnmapPhysicalMemory	uintptr_t address, size_t size
[5.0.0+] 0x2E	Result	GetDebugFutureThreadInfo	arch::LastThreadContext *out_context, uint64_t *thread_id, Handle debug_handle, int64_t ns
0x2F	Result	GetLastThreadInfo	arch::LastThreadContext *out_context, uintptr_t *out_tls_address, uint32_t *out_flags
0x30	Result	GetResourceLimitLimitValue	int64_t *out_limit_value, Handle resource_limit_handle, LimitableResource which
0x31	Result	GetResourceLimitCurrentValue	int64_t *out_current_value, Handle resource_limit_handle, LimitableResource which
0x32	Result	SetThreadActivity	Handle thread_handle, ThreadActivity thread_activity
0x33	Result	GetThreadContext3	ThreadContext *out_context, Handle thread_handle
[4.0.0+] 0x34	Result	WaitForAddress	uintptr_t address, ArbitrationType arb_type, int32_t value, int64_t timeout_ns
[4.0.0+] 0x35	Result	SignalToAddress	uintptr_t address, SignalType signal_type, int32_t value, int32_t count
[8.0.0+] 0x36	void	SynchronizePreemptionState
[1.0.0-3.0.2] 0x3C	void	DumpInfo	DumpInfoType dump_info_type, uint64_t arg
[4.0.0+] 0x3C	void	KernelDebug	KernelDebugType kern_debug_type, uint64_t arg0, uint64_t arg1, uint64_t arg2
[4.0.0+] 0x3D	void	ChangeKernelTraceState	KernelTraceState kern_trace_state
0x40	Result	CreateSession	Handle *out_server_session_handle, Handle *out_client_session_handle, bool is_light, uintptr_t name
0x41	Result	AcceptSession	Handle *out_handle, Handle port
0x42	Result	ReplyAndReceiveLight	Handle handle
0x43	Result	ReplyAndReceive	int32_t *out_index, const Handle *handles, int32_t num_handles, Handle reply_target, int64_t timeout_ns
0x44	Result	ReplyAndReceiveWithUserBuffer	int32_t *out_index, uintptr_t message_buffer, size_t message_buffer_size, const Handle *handles, int32_t num_handles, Handle reply_target, int64_t timeout_ns
0x45	Result	CreateEvent	Handle *out_write_handle, Handle *out_read_handle
[5.0.0+] 0x48	Result	MapPhysicalMemoryUnsafe	uintptr_t address, size_t size
[5.0.0+] 0x49	Result	UnmapPhysicalMemoryUnsafe	uintptr_t address, size_t size
[5.0.0+] 0x4A	Result	SetUnsafeLimit	size_t limit
[4.0.0+] 0x4B	Result	CreateCodeMemory	Handle *out_handle, uintptr_t address, size_t size
[4.0.0+] 0x4C	Result	ControlCodeMemory	Handle code_memory_handle, CodeMemoryOperation operation, uint64_t address, uint64_t size, MemoryPermission perm
0x4D	void	SleepSystem
0x4E	Result	ReadWriteRegister	uint32_t *out_value, PhysicalAddress address, uint32_t mask, uint32_t value
0x4F	Result	SetProcessActivity	Handle process_handle, ProcessActivity process_activity
0x50	Result	CreateSharedMemory	Handle *out_handle, size_t size, MemoryPermission owner_perm, MemoryPermission remote_perm
0x51	Result	MapTransferMemory	Handle trmem_handle, uintptr_t address, size_t size, MemoryPermission owner_perm
0x52	Result	UnmapTransferMemory	Handle trmem_handle, uintptr_t address, size_t size
0x53	Result	CreateInterruptEvent	Handle *out_read_handle, int32_t interrupt_id, InterruptType interrupt_type
0x54	Result	QueryPhysicalAddress	arch::PhysicalMemoryInfo *out_info, uintptr_t address
0x55	Result	QueryIoMapping	uintptr_t *out_address, PhysicalAddress physical_address, size_t size
0x56	Result	CreateDeviceAddressSpace	Handle *out_handle, uint64_t das_address, uint64_t das_size
0x57	Result	AttachDeviceAddressSpace	DeviceName device_name, Handle das_handle
0x58	Result	DetachDeviceAddressSpace	DeviceName device_name, Handle das_handle
0x59	Result	MapDeviceAddressSpaceByForce	Handle das_handle, Handle process_handle, uint64_t process_address, size_t size, uint64_t device_address, MemoryPermission device_perm
0x5A	Result	MapDeviceAddressSpaceAligned	Handle das_handle, Handle process_handle, uint64_t process_address, size_t size, uint64_t device_address, MemoryPermission device_perm
0x5B	Result	MapDeviceAddressSpace	size_t *out_mapped_size, Handle das_handle, Handle process_handle, uint64_t process_address, size_t size, uint64_t device_address, MemoryPermission device_perm
0x5C	Result	UnmapDeviceAddressSpace	Handle das_handle, Handle process_handle, uint64_t process_address, size_t size, uint64_t device_address
0x5D	Result	InvalidateProcessDataCache	Handle process_handle, uint64_t address, uint64_t size
0x5E	Result	StoreProcessDataCache	Handle process_handle, uint64_t address, uint64_t size
0x5F	Result	FlushProcessDataCache	Handle process_handle, uint64_t address, uint64_t size
0x60	Result	DebugActiveProcess	Handle *out_handle, uint64_t process_id
0x61	Result	BreakDebugProcess	Handle debug_handle
0x62	Result	TerminateDebugProcess	Handle debug_handle
0x63	Result	GetDebugEvent	arch::DebugEventInfo *out_info, Handle debug_handle
0x64	Result	ContinueDebugEvent	Handle debug_handle, uint32_t flags, const uint64_t *thread_ids, int32_t num_thread_ids
0x65	Result	GetProcessList	int32_t *out_num_processes, uint64_t *out_process_ids, int32_t max_out_count
0x66	Result	GetThreadList	int32_t *out_num_threads, uint64_t *out_thread_ids, int32_t max_out_count, Handle debug_handle
0x67	Result	GetDebugThreadContext	ThreadContext *out_context, Handle debug_handle, uint64_t thread_id, uint32_t context_flags
0x68	Result	SetDebugThreadContext	Handle debug_handle, uint64_t thread_id, const ThreadContext *context, uint32_t context_flags
0x69	Result	QueryDebugProcessMemory	arch::MemoryInfo *out_memory_info, PageInfo *out_page_info, Handle process_handle, uintptr_t address
0x6A	Result	ReadDebugProcessMemory	uintptr_t buffer, Handle debug_handle, uintptr_t address, size_t size
0x6B	Result	WriteDebugProcessMemory	Handle debug_handle, uintptr_t buffer, uintptr_t address, size_t size
0x6C	Result	SetHardwareBreakPoint	HardwareBreakPointRegisterName name, uint64_t flags, uint64_t value
0x6D	Result	GetDebugThreadParam	uint64_t *out_64, uint32_t *out_32, Handle debug_handle, uint64_t thread_id, DebugThreadParam param
[5.0.0+] 0x6F	Result	GetSystemInfo	uint64_t *out, SystemInfoType info_type, Handle handle, uint64_t info_subtype
0x70	Result	CreatePort	Handle *out_server_handle, Handle *out_client_handle, int32_t max_sessions, bool is_light, uintptr_t name
0x71	Result	ManageNamedPort	Handle *out_server_handle, const char *name, int32_t max_sessions
0x72	Result	ConnectToPort	Handle *out_handle, Handle port
0x73	Result	SetProcessMemoryPermission	Handle process_handle, uint64_t address, uint64_t size, MemoryPermission perm
0x74	Result	MapProcessMemory	uintptr_t dst_address, Handle process_handle, uint64_t src_address, size_t size
0x75	Result	UnmapProcessMemory	uintptr_t dst_address, Handle process_handle, uint64_t src_address, size_t size
0x76	Result	QueryProcessMemory	arch::MemoryInfo *out_memory_info, PageInfo *out_page_info, Handle process_handle, uint64_t address
0x77	Result	MapProcessCodeMemory	Handle process_handle, uint64_t dst_address, uint64_t src_address, uint64_t size
0x78	Result	UnmapProcessCodeMemory	Handle process_handle, uint64_t dst_address, uint64_t src_address, uint64_t size
0x79	Result	CreateProcess	Handle *out_handle, const arch::CreateProcessParameter *parameters, const uint32_t *caps, int32_t num_caps
0x7A	Result	StartProcess	Handle process_handle, int32_t priority, int32_t core_id, uint64_t main_thread_stack_size
0x7B	Result	TerminateProcess	Handle process_handle
0x7C	Result	GetProcessInfo	int64_t *out_info, Handle process_handle, ProcessInfoType info_type
0x7D	Result	CreateResourceLimit	Handle *out_handle
0x7E	Result	SetResourceLimitLimitValue	Handle resource_limit_handle, LimitableResource which, int64_t limit_value
0x7F	void	CallSecureMonitor	SecureMonitorArguments *args

SetHeapSize

Argument	Type	Name
(In) W1	uint32_t	Size
(Out) W0	#Result	Result
(Out) X1	void*	HeapAddress

Sets the process heap to a given Size. It can both extend and shrink the heap.

Size must be a multiple of 0x200000 (2MB).

On success, the heap base-address (which is fixed by kernel, aslr'd, and always in the Heap memory region) is written to HeapAddress.

Uses current process pool partition. The memory allocated counts towards the caller's process Memory ResourceLimit.

[2.0.0+] Size must be less than or equal to 4GB.

Result codes

0x0: Success.

0xCA01: Invalid size passed. It's either bigger than 4GB, or misaligned.

0xD001: Size is bigger than the Heap Region size.

0xCE01: KMemoryBlockAllocator slab allocator exhausted.

0xD401: The memory region is in an invalid state. Likely because a mapping was made in the heap region.

0x10801: Memory resource limit reached.

SetMemoryPermission

Argument	Type	Name
(In) X0	void*	Address
(In) X1	uint64_t	Size
(In) W2	#MemoryPermission	MemoryPermission
(Out) W0	#Result	Result

Changes permission of page-aligned memory region.

Bit2 of permission (exec) is not allowed. Setting write-only is not allowed either (bit1).

This can be used to move back and forth between ---, r-- and rw-.

Result codes

0x0: Success. The memory region was reprotected.

0xCC01: Unaligned address specified.

0xCA01: Unaligned or zero size specified.

0xD401: The provided memory region does not fall within the userland address space.

0xD801: Invalid permission specified. Valid permissions are ---, r-- and rw-.

0xD401: The provided memory region was in an invalid state. The region must have the PermissionChangeAllowed bit set in its #MemoryState, and must not have the IsBorrowed or IsUncached #MemoryAttribute.

0xCE01: Kernel resource exhausted.

SetMemoryAttribute

Argument	Type	Name
(In) X0	void*	Address
(In) X1	uint64_t	Size
(In) W2	uint32_t	Mask
(In) W3	uint32_t	Value
(Out) W0	#Result	Result

Changes attribute of page-aligned memory region. The only allowed combination of Value and Mask is 0x8, which means only bit3 in #MemoryAttribute can be set or cleared.

This is used to turn on/off caching for a given memory area. Useful when talking to devices such as the GPU.

What happens "under the hood" is the "Memory Attribute Indirection Register" index is changed from 2 to 3 in the MMU descriptor.

MapMemory

Argument	Type	Name
(In) X0	void*	DstAddress
(In) X1	void*	SrcAddress
(In) X2	uint64_t	Size
(Out) W0	#Result	Result

Maps a memory range into a different range.

Mainly used for adding guard pages around stack.

Source range gets reprotected to --- (it can no longer be accessed), and bit0 is set in the source #MemoryAttribute.

[1.0.0] This could be used to map into either the Alias Region or the Stack region.

[2.0.0+] This can only be used to map into the Stack region.

Code can get the range of the Alias region from #GetInfo id0=2,3, and on 2.0.0+ the range of the Stack region via #GetInfo id0=14, 15 (on 1.0.0, the Stack region had hardcoded limits).

When mapped into the Alias region, the mapped memory will have state 0x482907.

When mapped into the Stack region, the mapped memory will have state 0x5C3C0B.

UnmapMemory

Argument	Type	Name
(In) X0	void*	DstAddress
(In) X1	void*	SrcAddress
(In) X2	uint64_t	Size
(Out) W0	#Result	Result

Unmaps a region that was previously mapped with #MapMemory.

It's possible to unmap ranges partially, you don't need to unmap the entire range "in one go".

The srcaddr/dstaddr must match what was given when the pages were originally mapped.

QueryMemory

Argument	Type	Name
(In) X0	#MemoryInfo*	MemoryInfo
(In) X2	void*	Address
(Out) W0	#Result	Result
(Out) W1	#PageInfo	PageInfo

Queries information about an address. Will always fetch the lowest page-aligned mapping that contains the provided address.

Outputs a #MemoryInfo struct.

ExitProcess

Argument	Type	Name
(In) None
(Out) None

Exits the current process.

CreateThread

Argument64	Argument32	Type	Name
(In) X1	R1	void(*)(void*)	Entry
(In) X2	R2	void*	ThreadContext
(In) X3	R3	void*	StackTop
(In) W4	R0	int32_t	Priority
(In) W5	R4	int32_t	ProcessorId
(Out) W0	R0	#Result	Result
(Out) W1	R1	Handle<Thread>	ThreadHandle

Creates a thread in the current process.

ProcessorId must be 0,1,2,3 or -2, where -2 uses the default CpuId for process.

StartThread

Argument	Type	Name
(In) W0	Handle<Thread>	ThreadHandle
(Out) None

Starts the thread for the provided handle.

ExitThread

Argument	Type	Name
(In) None
(Out) None

Exits the current thread.

SleepThread

Argument64	Argument32	Type	Name
(In) X0	R0, R1	uint64_t	Nanoseconds

Sleeps for a specified amount of time, or yields the thread.

Setting nanoseconds to 0, -1, or -2 indicates a yielding type.

Value	Type
0	Yielding without core migration
-1	Yielding with core migration
-2	Yielding to any other thread

GetThreadPriority

Argument	Type	Name
(In) W1	Handle<Thread>	ThreadHandle
(Out) W0	#Result	Result
(Out) W1	int32_t	Priority

Gets the priority of provided thread handle.

SetThreadPriority

Argument	Type	Name
(In) W0	Handle<Thread>	ThreadHandle
(In) W1	int32_t	Priority
(Out) W0	#Result	Result

Sets the priority of provided thread handle.

Priority is a number 0-0x3F. Lower value means higher priority.

GetThreadCoreMask

Argument64	Argument32	Type	Name
(In) W2	R2	Handle<Thread>	ThreadHandle
(Out) W0	R0	#Result	Result
(Out) W1	R1	int32_t	CoreMask0
(Out) X2	R2, R3	uint64_t	CoreMask1

Gets the affinity mask of provided thread handle.

SetThreadCoreMask

Argument64	Argument32	Type	Name
(In) W0	R0	Handle<Thread>	ThreadHandle
(In) W1	R1	int32_t	CoreMask0
(In) X2	R2, R3	uint64_t	CoreMask1
(Out) W0	R0	#Result	Result

Sets the affinity mask of provided thread handle.

GetCurrentProcessorNumber

Argument	Type	Name
(In) None
(Out) W0	uint32_t	CpuId

Gets which cpu is executing the current thread.

CpuId is an integer in the range 0-3.

SignalEvent

Argument	Type	Name
(In) W0	Handle<WritableEvent>	EventHandle
(Out) X0	#Result	Result

Puts the given event in the signaled state.

Will wake up any thread currently waiting on this event. Can potentially trigger a reschedule.

Any calls to #WaitSynchronization on this handle will return immediately, until the event's signaled state is reset.

Result codes

0x0: Success. Event is now in signaled state.

0xE401: Invalid handle. The handle either does not exist, or is not a WritableEvent.

ClearEvent

Argument	Type	Name
(In) W0	Handle<WritableEvent> or Handle<ReadableEvent>	EventHandle
(Out) X0	#Result	Result

Takes the given event out of the signaled state.

Result codes

0x0: Success, the event is now in the not-signaled state.

0xE401: Invalid handle. The handle either does not exist, or is not a ReadableEvent nor a WritableEvent.

0xFA01: The handle was not in a signaled state.

MapSharedMemory

Argument	Type	Name
(In) W0	Handle<SharedMemory>	SharedMemoryHandle
(In) X1	void*	Address
(In) X2	uint64_t	Size
(In) W3	#MemoryPermission	MemoryPermission
(Out) W0	#Result	Result

Maps the block supplied by the handle. The required permissions are different for the process that created the handle and all other processes.

Increases reference count for the KSharedMemory object. Thus in order to release the memory associated with the object, all handles to it must be closed and all mappings must be unmapped.

UnmapSharedMemory

Argument	Type	Name
(In) W0	Handle<SharedMemory>	SharedMemoryHandle
(In) X1	void*	Address
(In) X2	uint64_t	Size
(Out) W0	#Result	Result

CreateTransferMemory

Argument	Type	Name
(In) X1	void*	Address
(In) X2	uint64_t	Size
(In) W3	#MemoryPermission	MemoryPermission
(Out) W0	#Result	Result
(Out) W1	Handle<TransferMemory>	TransferMemoryHandle

This one reprotects the src block with perms you give it. It also sets bit0 into #MemoryAttribute.

Executable bit perm not allowed.

Closing all handles automatically causes the bit0 in #MemoryAttribute to clear, and the permission to reset.

CloseHandle

Argument	Type	Name
(In) W0	Handle	Handle
(Out) W0	#Result	Result

ResetSignal

Argument	Type	Name
(In) W0	Handle<ReadableEvent> or Handle<Process>	Handle
(Out) W0	#Result	Result

Resets the signal on the given handle, ensuring future calls to #WaitSynchronization on this handle will sleep until the handle is signaled again. If the handle is a ReadableEvent, this is equivalent to calling ClearEvent() on the handle.

If the handle is a Process, it will clear the signaled state (which is set when the process changes #ProcessState. Once the process enters the Exited state, calling ResetSignal on the process will no longer have an effect (the process is permanently signaled), and the syscall will return 0xFA01.

Result codes

0x0: Success. The signal was reset.

0xE401: The handle is invalid or of the wrong type.

0xFA01: The handle was not signaled, or the process is in exited state, causing it to be permanently signaled.

WaitSynchronization

Argument64	Argument32	Type	Name
(In) X1	R1	Handle*	HandlesPtr
(In) W2	R2	int32_t	HandlesNum
(In) X3	R0, R3	int64_t	Timeout
(Out) W0	R0	#Result	Result
(Out) W1	R1	uint64_t	HandleIndex

Works with HandlesNum <= 0x40.

When zero handles are passed, this will wait forever until either timeout or cancellation occurs.

Does not accept 0xFFFF8001 or 0xFFFF8000 as handles.

Object types

KDebug: signals when there is a new DebugEvent (retrievable via #GetDebugEvent).

KClientPort: signals when the number of sessions is less than the maximum allowed.

KProcess: signals when the process undergoes a state change (retrievable via #GetProcessInfo).

KReadableEvent: signals when the event's corresponding KWritableEvent has been signaled via #SignalEvent.

KServerPort: signals when there is an incoming connection waiting to be accepted.

KServerSession: signals when there is an incoming message waiting to be received or the pipe is closed.

KThread: signals when the thread has exited.

Result codes

0x0: Success. One of the objects was signaled before the timeout expired, or one of the objects is a Session with a closed remote. Handle index is updated to indicate which object signaled.

0x7601: Thread termination requested. Handle index is not updated.

0xe401: Invalid handle. Returned when one of the handles passed is invalid. Handle index is not updated.

0xe601: Invalid address. Returned when the handles pointer is not a readable address. Handle index is not updated.

0xea01: Timeout. Returned when no objects have been signaled within the timeout. Handle index is not updated.

0xec01: Interrupted. Returned when another thread uses #CancelSynchronization to cancel this thread. Handle index is not updated.

0xee01: Too many handles. Returned when the number of handles passed is > 0x40.

CancelSynchronization

Argument	Type	Name
(In) W0	Handle<Thread>	ThreadHandle
(Out) W0	#Result	Result

If the referenced thread is currently in a synchronization call (#WaitSynchronization, #ReplyAndReceive or #ReplyAndReceiveLight), that call will be interrupted and return 0xec01. If that thread is not currently executing such a synchronization call, the next call to a synchronization call will return 0xec01.

This doesn't take force-pause (activity/debug pause) into account.

Result codes

0x0: Success. The thread was either interrupted or has had its flag set.

0xe401: Invalid handle. The handle given was either invalid or not a thread handle.

ArbitrateLock

Argument	Type	Name
(In) W0	Handle<Thread>	ThreadHandle
(In) X1	void*	Address
(In) W2	uint32_t	Tag
(Out) W0	#Result	Result

ArbitrateUnlock

Argument	Type	Name
(In) X0	void*	Address
(Out) W0	#Result	Result

WaitProcessWideKeyAtomic

Argument64	Argument32	Type	Name
(In) X0	R0	void*	KeyAddress
(In) X1	R1	void*	TagAddress
(In) W2	R2	uint32_t	Tag
(In) X3	R3, R4	int64_t	Timeout
(Out) W0	R0	#Result	Result

SignalProcessWideKey

Argument	Type	Name
(In) X0	void*	Address
(In) W1	int32_t	Value
(Out) W0	#Result	Result

GetSystemTick

Argument64	Argument32	Type	Name
(Out) X0	R0, R1	uint64_t	Ticks

Returns the value of cntpct_el0.

The frequency is 19200000 Hz (constant from official sw).

Official sw reads cntpct_el0 directly from usermode without using this SVC. sdk-nso has this SVC, but it's not known to be called anywhere.

ConnectToNamedPort

Argument	Type	Name
(In) X1	char*	PortName
(Out) W0	#Result	Result
(Out) W1	Handle<Session>	SessionHandle

SendSyncRequestLight

Argument	Type	Name
(In) W0	Handle<Session>	SessionHandle
(Out) W0	#Result	Result

SendSyncRequest

Argument	Type	Name
(In) W0	Handle<Session>	SessionHandle
(Out) W0	#Result	Result

SendSyncRequestWithUserBuffer

Argument	Type	Name
(In) X0	void*	Address
(In) X1	uint64_t	Size
(In) W2	Handle<Session>	SessionHandle
(Out) W0	#Result	Result

Size and Address must be 0x1000-aligned.

Result codes

0x0: Success.

0xcc01: Address is not 0x1000-aligned.

0xca01: Size is not 0x1000-aligned.

0xce01: KSessionRequest allocation failed (unlikely) or pointer buffer size exceeded.

0xe401: Handles does not exist, or handle is not an instance of KClientSession.

SendAsyncRequestWithUserBuffer

Argument	Type	Name
(In) X1	void*	Address
(In) X2	uint64_t	Size
(In) W3	Handle<Session>	SessionHandle
(Out) W0	#Result	Result
(Out) W1	Handle<ReadableEvent>	EventHandle

Size and Address must be 0x1000-aligned.

GetProcessId

Argument64	Argument32	Type	Name
(In) W1	R1	Handle<Process>	ProcessHandle
(Out) W0	R0	#Result	Result
(Out) X1	R1, R2	uint64_t	ProcessId

GetThreadId

Argument64	Argument32	Type	Name
(In) W1	R1	Handle<Thread>	ThreadHandle
(Out) W0	R0	#Result	Result
(Out) X1	R1, R2	uint64_t	ThreadId

Break

Argument	Type	Name
(In) X0	#BreakReason	BreakReason
(In) X1	uint64_t
(In) X2	uint64_t	Info
(Out) W0	#Result	Result

If the process is attached, report the Break event. Then, if #ContinueDebugEvent didn't apply IgnoreException on the thread: if TPIDR_EL0 is 0, adjust ELR_EL1 to retry to svc instruction (and set TPIDR_EL0 to 1).

Otherwise, if bit31 in reason isn't set, perform crash reporting (see Exception Handling section below), if it doesn't terminate the process adjust ELR_EL1 as well.

Otherwise just return 0.

OutputDebugString

Argument	Type	Name
(In) X0	char*	String
(In) X1	uint64_t	Size
(Out) W0	#Result	Result

ReturnFromException

Argument	Type	Name
(In) W0	#Result	Result

GetInfo

Argument64	Argument32	Type	Name
(In) W1	R1	#InfoType	InfoType
(In) W2	R2	Handle	Handle
(In) X3	R0, R3	uint64_t	InfoSubType
(Out) W0	R0	#Result	Result
(Out) X1	R1, R2	uint64_t	Info

FlushEntireDataCache

Argument	Type	Name
(In) None
(Out) None

FlushDataCache

Argument	Type	Name
(In) X0	void*	Address
(In) X1	uint64_t	Size
(Out) W0	#Result	Result

MapPhysicalMemory

Argument	Type	Name
(In) X0	void*	Address
(In) X1	uint64_t	Size
(Out) W0	#Result	Result

Acts like #SetHeapSize except you can allocate heap at any address you'd like.

Uses current process pool partition.

UnmapPhysicalMemory

Argument	Type	Name
(In) X0	void*	Address
(In) X1	uint64_t	Size
(Out) W0	#Result	Result

GetDebugFutureThreadInfo

Argument64	Argument32	Type	Name
(In) X3	R0, R1	uint64_t	Timeout
(Out) W0	R0	#Result	Result
(Out) X1	uint64_t	LastThreadContextParam0
(Out) X2	uint64_t	LastThreadContextParam1
(Out) X3	uint64_t	LastThreadContextParam2
(Out) X4	uint64_t	LastThreadContextParam3
(Out) X5	uint64_t
(Out) W6	uint32_t

GetLastThreadInfo

Argument	Type	Name
(In) None
(Out) W0	#Result	Result
(Out) X1	uint64_t	LastThreadContextParam0
(Out) X2	uint64_t	LastThreadContextParam1
(Out) X3	uint64_t	LastThreadContextParam2
(Out) X4	uint64_t	LastThreadContextParam3
(Out) X5	uint64_t
(Out) W6	uint32_t

GetResourceLimitLimitValue

Argument64	Argument32	Type	Name
(In) W1	R1	Handle<ResourceLimit>	ResourceLimitHandle
(In) W2	R2	#LimitableResource	LimitableResource
(Out) W0	R0	#Result	Result
(Out) X1	R1, R2	int64_t	LimitValue

GetResourceLimitCurrentValue

Argument64	Argument32	Type	Name
(In) W1	R1	Handle<ResourceLimit>	ResourceLimitHandle
(In) W2	R2	#LimitableResource	LimitableResource
(Out) W0	R0	#Result	Result
(Out) X1	R1, R2	int64_t	CurrentValue

SetThreadActivity

Argument	Type	Name
(In) W0	Handle<Thread>	ThreadHandle
(In) W1	#ThreadActivity	ThreadActivity
(Out) W0	#Result	Result

GetThreadContext3

Argument	Type	Name
(In) X0	#ThreadContext*	ThreadContext
(In) W1	Handle<Thread>	ThreadHandle
(Out) W0	#Result	Result

WaitForAddress

Argument64	Argument32	Type	Name
(In) X0	R0	void*	Address
(In) W1	R1	#ArbitrationType	ArbitrationType
(In) W2	R2	uint32_t	Value
(In) X3	R3, R4	uint64_t	Timeout
(Out) None

SignalToAddress

Argument64	Argument32	Type	Name
(In) X0	R0	void*	Address
(In) W1	R1	#SignalType	SignalType
(In) W2	R2	uint32_t	Value
(In) W3	R3	uint32_t	NumToSignal
(Out) None

SynchronizePreemptionState

Argument	Type	Name
(In) None
(Out) None

DumpInfo

Argument	Type	Name
(In) X0	#DumpInfoType	DumpInfoType
(In) X1	uint64_t	DumpInfoSubType
(Out) W0	#Result	Result

Stubbed in retail kernel.

[4.0.0+] This function was removed and replaced by #KernelDebug.

KernelDebug

Argument	Type	Name
(In) W0	#KernelDebugType	KernelDebugType
(In) X1	uint64_t
(In) X2	uint64_t
(In) X3	uint64_t
(Out) W0	#Result	Result

Stubbed in retail kernel.

ChangeKernelTraceState

Argument	Type	Name
(In) W0	#KernelTraceState	KernelTraceState
(Out) W0	#Result	Result

Stubbed in retail kernel.

CreateSession

Argument	Type	Name
(In) W2	bool	IsLight
(In) X3	uint64_t	Name
(Out) W0	#Result	Result
(Out) W1	Handle<ServerSession>	ServerSessionHandle
(Out) W2	Handle<ClientSession>	ClientSessionHandle

AcceptSession

Argument	Type	Name
(In) W1	Handle<Port>	PortHandle
(Out) W0	#Result	Result
(Out) W1	Handle<ServerSession>	ServerSessionHandle

Result codes

0xf201: No session waiting to be accepted

ReplyAndReceiveLight

Argument	Type	Name
(In) W0	Handle<Port> or Handle<ServerSession>	Handle
(Out) W0	#Result	Result

ReplyAndReceive

Argument64	Argument32	Type	Name
(In) W1	R1	Handle<Port>* or Handle<ServerSession>*	Handles
(In) W2	R2	uint32_t	NumHandles
(In) W3	R3	Handle<ServerSession>	ReplyTargetSessionHandle
(In) X4	R0, R4	uint64_t	Timeout
(Out) W0	R0	#Result	Result
(Out) W1	R1	uint32_t	HandleIndex

If ReplyTargetSessionHandle is not zero, a reply from the TLS will be sent to that session. Then it will wait until either of the passed sessions has an incoming message, is closed, a passed port has an incoming connection, or the timeout expires. If there is an incoming message, it is copied to the TLS.

If ReplyTargetSessionHandle is zero, the TLS should contain a blank message. If this message has a C descriptor, the buffer it points to will be used as the pointer buffer. See IPC_Marshalling#IPC_buffers. Note that a pointer buffer cannot be specified if ReplyTargetSessionHandle is not zero.

After being validated, passed handles will be enumerated in order; even if a session has been closed, if one that appears earlier in the list has an incoming message, it will take priority and a result code of 0x0 will be returned.

Result codes

0x0: Success. Either a session has an incoming message or a port has an incoming connection. HandleIndex is set appropriately.

0xea01: Timeout. No handles were signalled before the timeout expired. HandleIndex is not updated.

0xf601: Port remote dead. One of the sessions has been closed. HandleIndex is set appropriately.

ReplyAndReceiveWithUserBuffer

Argument64	Argument32	Type	Name
(In) X1	R1	void*	Address
(In) X2	R2	uint64_t	Size
(In) X3	R3	Handle<Port>* or Handle<ServerSession>*	Handles
(In) W4	R0	uint32_t	NumHandles
(In) W5	R4	Handle<ServerSession>	ReplyTargetSessionHandle
(In) X6	R5, R6	uint64_t	Timeout
(Out) W0	R0	#Result	Result
(Out) W1	R1	uint32_t	HandleIndex

CreateEvent

Argument	Type	Name
(In) None
(Out) W0	#Result	Result
(Out) W1	Handle<WritableEvent>	WritableEventHandle
(Out) W2	Handle<ReadableEvent>	ReadableEventHandle

MapPhysicalMemoryUnsafe

Argument	Type	Name
(In) X0	void*	Address
(In) X1	uint64_t	Size
(Out) W0	#Result	Result

Same as #MapPhysicalMemory except it always uses pool partition 0.

UnmapPhysicalMemoryUnsafe

Argument	Type	Name
(In) X0	void*	Address
(In) X1	uint64_t	Size
(Out) W0	#Result	Result

SetUnsafeLimit

Argument	Type	Name
(In) X0	uint64_t	Limit
(Out) W0	#Result	Result

CreateCodeMemory

Argument	Type	Name
(In) X1	void*	Address
(In) X2	uint64_t	Size
(Out) W0	#Result	Result
(Out) W1	Handle<CodeMemory>	CodeMemoryHandle

Takes an address range with backing memory to create the code memory object.

The memory is initially memset to 0xFF after being locked.

ControlCodeMemory

Argument64	Argument32	Type	Name
(In) W0	R0	Handle<CodeMemory>	CodeMemoryHandle
(In) W1	R1	#CodeMemoryOperation	CodeMemoryOperation
(In) X2	R2, R3	void*	Address
(In) X3	R4, R5	uint64_t	Size
(In) W4	R6	#MemoryPermission	MemoryPermission
(Out) W0	R0	#Result	Result

Maps the backing memory for a CodeMemory object into the current process.

For MapOwner, memory permission must be RW-.

For MapSlave, memory permission must be R-- or R-X.

Operations UnmapOwner/UnmapSlave unmap memory that was previously mapped this way.

This allows one "secure JIT" process to map the code memory as RW-, and the other "slave" process to map it R-X.

[5.0.0+] Error 0xE401 is now returned when the process owner of the Code memory object is the same as the current process.

SleepSystem

Argument	Type	Name
(In) None
(Out) None

ReadWriteRegister

Argument64	Argument32	Type	Name
(In) X1	R2, R3	uint64_t	RegisterAddress
(In) W2	R0	uint32_t	RwMask
(In) W3	R1	uint32_t	InValue
(Out) W0	R0	#Result	Result
(Out) W1	R1	uint32_t	OutValue

Read/write IO registers with a hardcoded whitelist. Input address is physical-address and must be aligned to 4.

rw_mask is 0 for reading and 0xffffffff for writing. You can also write individual bits by using a mask value.

You can only write to registers inside physical pages 0x70019000 (MC), 0x7001C000 (MC0), 0x7001D000 (MC1), and they all share the same whitelist.

The whitelist is same for writing as for reading.

The whitelist is:

0x054, 0x090, 0x094, 0x098, 0x09c, 0x0a0, 0x0a4, 0x0a8, 0x0ac, 0x0b0, 0x0b4, 0x0b8, 0x0bc, 0x0c0, 0x0c4, 0x0c8, 0x0d0, 0x0d4, 0x0d8, 0x0dc, 0x0e0, 0x100, 0x108, 0x10c, 0x118, 0x11c, 0x124, 0x128, 0x12c, 0x130, 0x134, 0x138, 0x13c, 0x158, 0x15c, 0x164, 0x168, 0x16c, 0x170, 0x174, 0x178, 0x17c, 0x200, 0x204, 0x2e4, 0x2e8, 0x2ec, 0x2f4, 0x2f8, 0x310, 0x314, 0x320, 0x328, 0x344, 0x348, 0x370, 0x374, 0x37c, 0x380, 0x390, 0x394, 0x398, 0x3ac, 0x3b8, 0x3bc, 0x3c0, 0x3c4, 0x3d8, 0x3e8, 0x41c, 0x420, 0x424, 0x428, 0x42c, 0x430, 0x44c, 0x47c, 0x480, 0x484, 0x50c, 0x554, 0x558, 0x55c, 0x670, 0x674, 0x690, 0x694, 0x698, 0x69c, 0x6a0, 0x6a4, 0x6c0, 0x6c4, 0x6f0, 0x6f4, 0x960, 0x970, 0x974, 0xa20, 0xa24, 0xb88, 0xb8c, 0xbc4, 0xbc8, 0xbcc, 0xbd0, 0xbd4, 0xbd8, 0xbdc, 0xbe0, 0xbe4, 0xbe8, 0xbec, 0xc00, 0xc5c, 0xcac

[2.0.0+] Whitelist was extended with 0x4c4, 0x4c8, 0x4cc, 0x584, 0x588, 0x58c.

[2.0.0+] The IO registers in range 0x7000E400 (PMC) size 0xC00 skip the whitelist, and do a TrustZone call using ReadWriteRegister.

[4.0.0+] Access to the Memory Controller (0x70019000) also uses smcReadWriteRegister.

Here is the whitelist imposed by that SMC, relative to the start of the PMC registers:

0x000, 0x00c, 0x010, 0x014, 0x01c, 0x020, 0x02c, 0x030, 0x034, 0x038, 0x03c, 0x040, 0x044, 0x048, 0x0dc, 0x0e0, 0x0e4, 0x160, 0x164, 0x168, 0x170, 0x1a8, 0x1b8, 0x1bc, 0x1c0, 0x1c4, 0x1c8, 0x2b4, 0x2d4, 0x440, 0x4d8

Here is the whitelist imposed by the SMC ReadWriteRegister (checked in addition to the whitelist in the ReadWriteRegister SVC), relative to the start of the MC registers:

0x000, 0x004, 0x008, 0x00C, 0x010, 0x01C, 0x020, 0x030, 0x034, 0x050, 0x054, 0x090, 0x094, 0x098, 0x09C, 0x0A0, 0x0A4, 0x0A8, 0x0AC, 0x0B0, 0x0B4, 0x0B8, 0x0BC, 0x0C0, 0x0C4, 0x0C8, 0x0D0, 0x0D4, 0x0D8, 0x0DC, 0x0E0, 0x100, 0x108, 0x10C, 0x118, 0x11C, 0x124, 0x128, 0x12C, 0x130, 0x134, 0x138, 0x13C, 0x158, 0x15C, 0x164, 0x168, 0x16C, 0x170, 0x174, 0x178, 0x17C, 0x200, 0x204, 0x238, 0x240, 0x244, 0x250, 0x254, 0x258, 0x264, 0x268, 0x26C, 0x270, 0x274, 0x280, 0x284, 0x288, 0x28C, 0x294, 0x2E4, 0x2E8, 0x2EC, 0x2F4, 0x2F8, 0x310, 0x314, 0x320, 0x328, 0x344, 0x348, 0x370, 0x374, 0x37C, 0x380, 0x390, 0x394, 0x398, 0x3AC, 0x3B8, 0x3BC, 0x3C0, 0x3C4, 0x3D8, 0x3E8, 0x41C, 0x420, 0x424, 0x428, 0x42C, 0x430, 0x44C, 0x47C, 0x480, 0x484, 0x4C4, 0x4C8, 0x4CC, 0x50C, 0x554, 0x558, 0x55C, 0x584, 0x588, 0x58C, 0x670, 0x674, 0x690, 0x694, 0x698, 0x69C, 0x6A0, 0x6A4, 0x6C0, 0x6C4, 0x6F0, 0x6F4, 0x960, 0x970, 0x974, 0x9B8, 0xA20, 0xA24, 0xA88, 0xA94, 0xA98, 0xA9C, 0xAA0, 0xAA4, 0xAA8, 0xAAC, 0xAB0, 0xAB4, 0xAB8, 0xABC, 0xAC0, 0xAC4, 0xAC8, 0xACC, 0xAD0, 0xAD4, 0xAD8, 0xADC, 0xAE0, 0xB88, 0xB8C, 0xBC4, 0xBC8, 0xBCC, 0xBD0, 0xBD4, 0xBD8, 0xBDC, 0xBE0, 0xBE4, 0xBE8, 0xBEC, 0xC00, 0xC5C, 0xCAC

SetProcessActivity

Argument	Type	Name
(In) W0	Handle<Process>	ProcessHandle
(In) W1	#ProcessActivity	ProcessActivity
(Out) W0	#Result	Result

CreateSharedMemory

Argument	Type	Name
(In) W1	uint64_t	Size
(In) W2	#MemoryPermission	LocalMemoryPermission
(In) W3	#MemoryPermission	RemoteMemoryPermission
(Out) W0	#Result	Result
(Out) W1	Handle<SharedMemory>	SharedMemoryHandle

Other perm can be used to enforce permission 1, 3, or 0x10000000 if don't care.

Allocates memory from the current process' pool partition.

MapTransferMemory

Argument	Type	Name
(In) X0	Handle<TransferMemory>	TransferMemoryHandle
(In) X1	void*	Address
(In) X2	uint64_t	Size
(In) W3	#MemoryPermission	MemoryPermission
(Out) W0	#Result	Result

The newly mapped pages will have #MemoryState type 0xE.

You must pass same size and permissions as given in #CreateTransferMemory, otherwise error.

UnmapTransferMemory

Argument	Type	Name
(In) X0	Handle<TransferMemory>	TransferMemoryHandle
(In) X1	void*	Address
(In) X2	uint64_t	Size
(Out) W0	#Result	Result

Size must match size given in map syscall, otherwise there's an invalid-size error.

CreateInterruptEvent

Argument	Type	Name
(In) X1	#Interrupt	Interrupt
(In) W2	#InterruptType	InterruptType
(Out) W0	#Result	Result
(Out) W1	Handle<ReadableEvent>	ReadableEventHandle

Creates an event handle for the given IRQ number. Waiting on this handle will wait until the IRQ is triggered. The InterruptType argument configures the triggering. If it is 0, the IRQ is active HIGH level sensitive, if it is 1 it is rising-edge sensitive.

Result codes

0x0: Success.

0xF001: Flags was > 1

0xF201: IRQ above 0x3FF or outside the IRQ access mask was given.

0xCE01: A SlabHeap was exhausted (too many interrupts created).

0xF401: IRQ already has an event registered.

0xD201: The handle table is full. Try closing some handles.

QueryPhysicalAddress

Argument	Type	Name
(In) X1	void*	VirtualAddress
(Out) W0	#Result	Result
(Out) X1	uint64_t	PhysicalMemoryInfoAddress
(Out) X2	uint64_t	PhysicalMemoryInfoBaseAddress
(Out) X3	uint64_t	PhysicalMemoryInfoSize

Queries the physical address of a virtual address. Will always fetch the lowest page-aligned mapping that contains the provided physical address.

The returned PhysicalMemoryInfoBaseAddress is the virtual address of that page-aligned mapping, while PhysicalMemoryInfoAddress is the physical address of that page. PhysicalMemoryInfoSize is the amount of continuous physical memory in that mapping.

QueryIoMapping

Argument64	Argument32	Type	Name
(In) X1	R2, R3	uint64_t	IoAddress
(In) X2	R0	uint64_t	Size
(Out) W0	R0	#Result	Result
(Out) X1	R1	void*	VirtualAddress

Returns a virtual address mapped to a given IO range.

CreateDeviceAddressSpace

Argument64	Argument32	Type	Name
(In) X1	R2, R3	uint64_t	DeviceAddressSpaceStartAddress
(In) X2	R0, R1	uint64_t	DeviceAddressSpaceEndAddress
(Out) W0	R0	#Result	Result
(Out) W1	R1	Handle<DeviceAddressSpace>	DeviceAddressSpaceHandle

Creates a virtual address space for binding device address spaces and returns a handle.

StartAddr is normally set to 0 and EndAddr is normally set to 0xFFFFFFFF.

AttachDeviceAddressSpace

Argument	Type	Name
(In) W0	#DeviceName	DeviceName
(In) X1	Handle<DeviceAddressSpace>	DeviceAddressSpaceHandle
(Out) W0	#Result	Result

Attaches a device address space to a device.

DetachDeviceAddressSpace

Argument	Type	Name
(In) W0	#DeviceName	DeviceName
(In) X1	Handle<DeviceAddressSpace>	DeviceAddressSpaceHandle
(Out) W0	#Result	Result

Detaches a device address space from a device.

MapDeviceAddressSpaceByForce

Argument64	Argument32	Type	Name
(In) W0	R0	Handle<DeviceAddressSpace>	DeviceAddressSpaceHandle
(In) W1	R1	Handle<Process>	ProcessHandle
(In) X2	R2, R3	void*	Address
(In) X3	R4	uint64_t	DeviceAddressSpaceSize
(In) X4	R5, R6	uint64_t	DeviceAddressSpaceAddress
(In) W5	R7	#MemoryPermission	MemoryPermission
(Out) W0	R0	#Result	Result

Maps an attached device address space to an userspace address.

Address is the userspace destination address, while DeviceAddressSpaceAddress is the source address between DeviceAddressSpaceStartAddress and DeviceAddressSpaceEndAddress (passed to #CreateDeviceAddressSpace).

The userspace destination address must have the MapDeviceAllowed bit set. Bit IsDeviceMapped will be set after mapping.

MapDeviceAddressSpaceAligned

Argument64	Argument32	Type	Name
(In) W0	R0	Handle<DeviceAddressSpace>	DeviceAddressSpaceHandle
(In) W1	R1	Handle<Process>	ProcessHandle
(In) X2	R2, R3	void*	Address
(In) X3	R4	uint64_t	DeviceAddressSpaceSize
(In) X4	R5, R6	uint64_t	DeviceAddressSpaceAddress
(In) W5	R7	#MemoryPermission	MemoryPermission
(Out) W0	R0	#Result	Result

Maps an attached device address space to an userspace address.

Same as #MapDeviceAddressSpaceByForce, but the userspace destination address must have the MapDeviceAlignedAllowed bit set instead.

MapDeviceAddressSpace

Argument64	Argument32	Type	Name
(In) W1	R1	Handle<DeviceAddressSpace>	DeviceAddressSpaceHandle
(In) W2	R2	Handle<Process>	ProcessHandle
(In) X3	R0, R3	void*	Address
(In) X4	R4	uint64_t	DeviceAddressSpaceSize
(In) X5	R5, R6	uint64_t	DeviceAddressSpaceAddress
(In) W6	R7	#MemoryPermission	MemoryPermission
(Out) W0	R0	#Result	Result
(Out) X1	R1	uint64_t	Size

UnmapDeviceAddressSpace

Argument64	Argument32	Type	Name
(In) W0	R0	Handle<DeviceAddressSpace>	DeviceAddressSpaceHandle
(In) W1	R1	Handle<Process>	ProcessHandle
(In) X2	R2, R3	void*	Address
(In) X3	R4	uint64_t	DeviceAddressSpaceSize
(In) X4	R5, R6	uint64_t	DeviceAddressSpaceAddress
(Out) W0	R0	#Result	Result

Unmaps an attached device address space from an userspace address.

InvalidateProcessDataCache

Argument64	Argument32	Type	Name
(In) W0	R0	Handle<Process>	ProcessHandle
(In) X1	R2, R3	void*	Address
(In) X2	R1, R4	uint64_t	Size
(Out) W0	R0	#Result	Result

StoreProcessDataCache

Argument64	Argument32	Type	Name
(In) W0	R0	Handle<Process>	ProcessHandle
(In) X1	R2, R3	void*	Address
(In) X2	R1, R4	uint64_t	Size
(Out) W0	R0	#Result	Result

FlushProcessDataCache

Argument64	Argument32	Type	Name
(In) W0	R0	Handle<Process>	ProcessHandle
(In) X1	R2, R3	void*	Address
(In) X2	R1, R4	uint64_t	Size
(Out) W0	R0	#Result	Result

DebugActiveProcess

Argument64	Argument32	Type	Name
(In) X1	R2, R3	uint64_t	ProcessId
(Out) W0	R0	#Result	Result
(Out) W1	R1	Handle<Debug>	DebugHandle

BreakDebugProcess

Argument	Type	Name
(In) W0	Handle<Debug>	DebugHandle
(Out) W0	#Result	Result

TerminateDebugProcess

Argument	Type	Name
(In) W0	Handle<Debug>	DebugHandle
(Out) W0	#Result	Result

GetDebugEvent

Argument	Type	Name
(In) X0	#DebugEventInfo*	DebugEventInfo
(In) W1	Handle<Debug>	DebugHandle
(Out) W0	#Result	Result

ContinueDebugEvent

Argument64	Argument32	Type	Name
(In) W0	R0	Handle<Debug>	DebugHandle
(In) W1	R1	uint32_t	#ContinueDebugFlags ([1.0.0-2.3.0] #ContinueDebugFlagsOld)
(In) X2	R2 ([1.0.0-2.3.0] R2, R3)	uint64_t* ([1.0.0-2.3.0] uint64_t)	ThreadIdList ([1.0.0-2.3.0] ThreadId)
(In) X3	R3	uint64_t	[3.0.0+] NumThreadIds
(Out) W0	R0	#Result	Result

Maximum NumThreadIds is 64. 0 means "all threads".

Result codes

0x0: Success. The process has been resumed.

0xe401: Invalid debug handle.

0xf401: Process has debug events queued or is already running.

GetProcessList

Argument64	Argument32	Type	Name
(In) X1	R1	uint64_t*	ProcessIdBuffer
(In) W2	R2	uint32_t	ProcessIdBufferSize
(Out) X0	R0	#Result	Result
(Out) W1	R1	uint32_t	NumProcesses

Fills the provided array with the pids of currently living processes. A process "lives" so long as it is currently running or a handle to it still exists.

It returns the total number of processes currently alive. If this number is bigger than the size of ProcessIdBuffer, the user won't have all the pids.

Result codes

0x0: Success.

0xd401: The provided buffer is outside the process address space.

0xe601: copyToUser failed. The provided buffer is not user-accessible.

0xee01: The provided buffer size is too big. Max value is 0xFFFFFFF.

GetThreadList

Argument64	Argument32	Type	Name
(In) X1	R1	uint64_t*	ThreadIdBuffer
(In) W2	R2	uint32_t	ThreadIdBufferSize
(In) W3	R3	Handle<Debug>	DebugHandle
(Out) X0	R0	#Result	Result
(Out) W1	R1	uint32_t	NumThreads

GetDebugThreadContext

Argument64	Argument32	Type	Name
(In) X0	R0	#ThreadContext*	ThreadContext
(In) X1	R1	Handle<Debug>	DebugHandle
(In) X2	R2, R3	uint64_t	ThreadId
(In) W3	R4	uint32_t	#ThreadContextFlags
(Out) W0	R0	#Result	Result

SetDebugThreadContext

Argument64	Argument32	Type	Name
(In) W0	R0	Handle<Debug>	DebugHandle
(In) X1	R2, R3	uint64_t	ThreadId
(In) X2	R1	#ThreadContext*	ThreadContext
(In) W3	R4	uint32_t	#ThreadContextFlags
(Out) W0	R0	#Result	Result

QueryDebugProcessMemory

Argument	Type	Name
(In) X0	#MemoryInfo*	MemoryInfo
(In) W2	Handle<Debug>	DebugHandle
(In) X3	void*	Address
(Out) W0	#Result	Result
(Out) W1	#PageInfo	PageInfo

ReadDebugProcessMemory

Argument	Type	Name
(In) X0	void*	MemoryBufferAddress
(In) W1	Handle<Debug>	DebugHandle
(In) X2	void*	SrcAddress
(In) X3	uint64_t	Size
(Out) W0	#Result	Result

WriteDebugProcessMemory

Argument	Type	Name
(In) W0	Handle<Debug>	DebugHandle
(In) X1	void*	MemoryBufferAddress
(In) X2	void*	DstAddress
(In) X3	uint64_t	Size
(Out) W0	#Result	Result

SetHardwareBreakPoint

Argument64	Argument32	Type	Name
(In) W0	R0	#HardwareBreakPointRegisterName	Name
(In) X1	R2, R3	uint64_t	Flags
(In) X2	R1, R4	uint64_t	Value
(Out) W0	R0	#Result	Result

Sets one of the AArch64 hardware breakpoints. The nintendo switch has 6 hardware breakpoints, and 4 hardware watchpoints. The syscall has two behaviors depending on the value of HardwareBreakPointRegisterName:

If HardwareBreakPointRegisterName < 0x10, then it sets one of the AArch64 hardware breakpoints. Flags will go to DBGBCRn_EL1, and value to DBGBVRn_EL1. The only flags the user is allowed to set are those in the bitmask 0x7F01E1. Furthermore, the kernel will or it with 0x4004, in order to set various security flags to guarantee the watchpoints only triggers for code in EL0. If the user asks for a Breakpoint Type of ContextIDR match, the kernel shall use the given DebugHandle to set DBGBVRn_EL1 to the ContextID of the debugged process.

If HardwareBreakPointRegisterName is between 0x10 and 0x20 (exclusive), then it sets one of the AArch64 hardware watchpoints. Flags will go to DBGWCRn_EL1, and the value to DBGWVRn_EL1. The only flags the user is allowed to set are those in the bitmask 0xFF0F1FF9. Furthermore, the kernel will or it with 0x104004. This will set various security flags, and set the watchpoint type to be a Linked Watchpoint. This means that you need to link it to a Linked ContextIDR breakpoint. Check the ARM documentation for more information.

Note that HardwareBreakPointRegisterName 0 to 4 match only to Virtual Address, while HardwareBreakPointRegisterName 5 and 6 match against either Virtual Address, ContextID, or VMID. As such, if you are configuring a breakpoint to link for a watchpoint, make sure you use hardware_breakpoint_id 5 or 6.

For more documentation for hardware breakpoints, check out the AArch64 documentation for the DBGBCRn_EL1 register and the DBGWCRn_EL1 register

GetDebugThreadParam

Argument64	Argument32	Type	Name
(In) X2	R2	Handle<Debug>	DebugHandle
(In) X3	R0, R1	uint64_t	ThreadId
(In) W4	R3	#DebugThreadParam	DebugThreadParam
(Out) W0	R0	#Result	Result
(Out) X1	R1, R2	uint64_t	Out0
(Out) W2	R3	uint32_t	Out1

GetSystemInfo

Argument	Type	Name
(In) X1	#SystemInfoType	SystemInfoType
(In) W2	Handle	Handle
(In) X3	uint64_t	SystemInfoSubType
(Out) W0	#Result	Result
(Out) X1	uint64_t	SystemInfo

CreatePort

Argument64	Argument32	Type	Name
(In) W2	R2	int32_t	MaxSessions
(In) W3	R3	bool	IsLight
(In) X4	R0	uint64_t	Name
(Out) W0	R0	#Result	Result
(Out) W1	R1	Handle<Port>	ServerPortHandle
(Out) W2	R2	Handle<Port>	ClientPortHandle

ManageNamedPort

Argument	Type	Name
(In) X1	char*	Name
(In) W2	int32_t	MaxSessions
(Out) W0	#Result	Result
(Out) W1	Handle<Port>	ServerPortHandle

ConnectToPort

Argument	Type	Name
(In) W1	Handle<Port>	ClientPortHandle
(Out) W0	#Result	Result
(Out) W1	Handle<Session>	SessionHandle

SetProcessMemoryPermission

Argument64	Argument32	Type	Name
(In) W0	R0	Handle<Process>	ProcessHandle
(In) X1	R2, R3	void*	Addr
(In) X2	R1, R4	uint64_t	Size
(In) W3	R5	#MemoryPermission	MemoryPermission
(Out) W0	R0	#Result	Result

This sets the memory permissions for the specified memory with the supplied process handle.

This throws an error(0xD801) when the input perm is >0x5, hence -WX and RWX are not allowed.

MapProcessMemory

Argument64	Argument32	Type	Name
(In) X0	R0	void*	DstAddress
(In) W1	R1	Handle<Process>	ProcessHandle
(In) X2	R2, R3	void*	SrcAddress
(In) X3	R4	uint64_t	Size
(Out) W0	R0	#Result	Result

Maps the src address from the supplied process handle into the current process.

This allows mapping code and rodata with RW- permission.

UnmapProcessMemory

Argument64	Argument32	Type	Name
(In) X0	R0	void*	DstAddress
(In) W1	R1	Handle<Process>	ProcessHandle
(In) X2	R2, R3	void*	SrcAddress
(In) X3	R4	uint64_t	Size
(Out) W0	R0	#Result	Result

Unmaps what was mapped by #MapProcessMemory.

QueryProcessMemory

Argument64	Argument32	Type	Name
(In) X0	R0	#MemoryInfo*	MemoryInfo
(In) W2	R2	Handle<Process>	ProcessHandle
(In) X3	R1, R3	void*	Address
(Out) W0	R0	#Result	Result
(Out) W1	R1	#PageInfo	PageInfo

Equivalent to #QueryMemory except takes a process handle.

MapProcessCodeMemory

Argument64	Argument32	Type	Name
(In) W0	R0	Handle<Process>	ProcessHandle
(In) X1	R2, R3	void*	DstAddress
(In) X2	R1, R4	void*	SrcAddress
(In) X3	R5, R6	uint64_t	Size
(Out) W0	R0	#Result	Result

Takes a process handle, and maps normal heap in that process as executable code in that process. Used when loading NROs. This does not support using the current-process handle alias.

UnmapProcessCodeMemory

Argument64	Argument32	Type	Name
(In) W0	R0	Handle<Process>	ProcessHandle
(In) X1	R2, R3	void*	DstAddress
(In) X2	R1, R4	void*	SrcAddress
(In) X3	R5, R6	uint64_t	Size
(Out) W0	R0	#Result	Result

Unmaps what was mapped by #MapProcessCodeMemory.

CreateProcess

Argument	Type	Name
(In) X1	#CreateProcessParameter*	CreateProcessParameter
(In) X2	uint32_t*	Capabilities
(In) X3	int32_t	CapabilitiesNum
(Out) W0	#Result	Result
(Out) W1	Handle<Process>	ProcessHandle

Takes a #CreateProcessParameter as input. Capabilities points to an array of kernel capabilities. CapabilitiesNum is a number of capabilities in the Capabilities array (number of element, not number of bytes).

Result codes

0x0: Success.

0xCA01: Attempted to map more code pages than available in address space.

0xCC01: Provided CodeAddr is invalid (make sure it's in range?)

0xE401: The resource handle passed is invalid.

0xE601: Attempt to copy procinfo from user-supplied pointer failed. Attempt to copy capabilities_num from user-supplied pointer failed.

0xE801: Attempted to create a 32-bit process with a 36-bit address space.

0xF001: Unused bits are set in mmuflags. Unknown address space type used.

StartProcess

Argument64	Argument32	Type	Name
(In) W0	R0	Handle<Process>	ProcessHandle
(In) W1	R1	int32_t	MainThreadPriority
(In) W2	R2	int32_t	DefaultCpuId
(In) X3	R3, R4	uint64_t	MainThreadStackSize
(Out) W0	R0	#Result	Result

TerminateProcess

Argument	Type	Name
(In) W0	Handle<Process>	ProcessHandle
(Out) W0	#Result	Result

GetProcessInfo

Argument64	Argument32	Type	Name
(In) W0	R1	Handle<Process>	ProcessHandle
(In) W1	R2	#ProcessInfoType	ProcessInfoType
(Out) W0	R0	#Result	Result
(Out) X1	R1, R2	uint64_t	#ProcessState

Returns an enum with value 0-7.

CreateResourceLimit

Argument	Type	Name
(In) None
(Out) W0	#Result	Result
(Out) W1	Handle<ResourceLimit>	ResourceLimitHandle

SetResourceLimitLimitValue

Argument64	Argument32	Type	Name
(In) W0	R0	Handle<ResourceLimit>	ResourceLimitHandle
(In) W1	R1	#LimitableResource	LimitableResource
(In) X2	R2, R3	int64_t	LimitValue
(Out) W0	R0	#Result	Result

CallSecureMonitor

Argument64	Argument32	Type	Name
(In) X0	R0	uint64_t	FunctionId
(In) X1-X7	R1-R7	uint64_t	SMC arguments
(Out) X0	R0	Result	SMC result
(Out) X1-X7	R1-R7	uint64_t	SMC output

Takes in a SMC function ID in X0, and arguments for that SMC function in X1-X7.

Passing an invalid SMC function ID or calling from a core other than core 3 will result in a secure monitor panic.

The kernel parses bits 9-15 in the passed SMC function ID (per the ARM SMC calling convention), and when set uses as an indicator to translate a pointer in the associated register (X1-X7) to a physical address. The kernel will translate any address mapped as R-W, other addresses (R--, R-X, or invalid pointers) will be translated as 0/NULL.

Output is returned raw from the Secure Monitor; X0 will be the untranslated SMC result and X1-X7 will contain other SMC output (or be unchanged, depending on the SMC).

Debugging

[2.0.0+] Exactly 6 debug SVCs require that IsDebugMode is non-zero. Error 0x4201 is returned otherwise.

• BreakDebugProcess
• ContinueDebugEvent
• WriteDebugProcessMemory
• SetDebugThreadContext
• TerminateDebugProcess
• SetHardwareBreakPoint

DebugActiveProcess stops execution of the target process, the normal method for resuming it requires ContinueDebugEvent(see above). Closing the debug handle also results in execution being resumed.

Enum/Structures

InfoType

Handle type	InfoType	InfoSubType	Description
Process	0	0	AllowedCpuIdBitmask
Process	1	0	AllowedThreadPrioBitmask
Process	2	0	AliasRegionBaseAddr
Process	3	0	AliasRegionSize
Process	4	0	HeapRegionBaseAddr
Process	5	0	HeapRegionSize
Process	6	0	TotalMemoryAvailable. Total memory available(free+used).
Process	7	0	TotalMemoryUsage. Total used size of codebin memory + main-thread stack + allocated heap.
Zero	8	0	IsCurrentProcessBeingDebugged
Zero	9	0	Returns ResourceLimit handle for current process. Used by PM.
Zero	10	-1, {current coreid}	IdleTickCount
Zero	11	0-3	RandomEntropy from current process. TRNG. Used to seed usermode PRNGs.
Process	12	0	[2.0.0+] AddressSpaceBaseAddr
Process	13	0	[2.0.0+] AddressSpaceSize
Process	14	0	[2.0.0+] StackRegionBaseAddr
Process	15	0	[2.0.0+] StackRegionSize
Process	16	0	[3.0.0+] PersonalMmHeapSize
Process	17	0	[3.0.0+] PersonalMmHeapUsage
Process	18	0	[3.0.0+] ProgramId
Zero	19	0	[4.0.0-4.1.0] PrivilegedProcessId_LowerBound
Zero	19	1	[4.0.0-4.1.0] PrivilegedProcessId_UpperBound
Process	20	0	[5.0.0+] UserExceptionContextAddr
Process	21	0	[6.0.0+] TotalMemoryAvailableWithoutMmHeap
Process	22	0	[6.0.0+] TotalMemoryUsedWithoutMmHeap
Process	23	0	[9.0.0+] IsApplication
Thread	0xF0000002	0-3, -1	Thread Ticks. When 0-3 are passed, gets specific core CPU ticks spent on thread. When -1 is passed, gets total CPU ticks spent on thread.

SystemInfoType

Handle type	SystemInfoType	SystemInfoSubType	Description
Zero	0	0	TotalMemorySize_Application
Zero	0	1	TotalMemorySize_Applet
Zero	0	2	TotalMemorySize_System
Zero	0	3	TotalMemorySize_SystemUnsafe
Zero	1	0	CurrentMemorySize_Application
Zero	1	1	CurrentMemorySize_Applet
Zero	1	2	CurrentMemorySize_System
Zero	1	3	CurrentMemorySize_SystemUnsafe
Zero	2	0	PrivilegedProcessId_LowerBound
Zero	2	1	PrivilegedProcessId_UpperBound

ThreadContextFlags

Bitfield of one of more of these:

Bit	Bitmask	Name	Description
0	1	General-purpose registers	If in 64-bit mode, GPRs 0–28 will be read/written. If in 32-bit mode, GPRs 0–12 will be read/written.
1	2	Control registers	Reads/writes the FP, LR, PC, SP, PSTATE, and TPIDR registers.
2	4	Floating-point registers	Reads/writes the floating-point vector registers.
3	8	Floating-point control registers	Reads/writes the FPCR and FPSR registers.

DeviceName

Value	Name
0	AFI
1	AVPC
2	DC
3	DCB
4	HC
5	HDA
6	ISP2
7	MSENCNVENC
8	NV
9	NV2
10	PPCS
11	SATA
12	VI
13	VIC
14	XUSB_HOST
15	XUSB_DEV
16	TSEC
17	PPCS1
18	DC1
19	SDMMC1A
20	SDMMC2A
21	SDMMC3A
22	SDMMC4A
23	ISP2B
24	GPU
25	GPUB
26	PPCS2
27	NVDEC
28	APE
29	SE
30	NVJPG
31	HC1
32	SE1
33	AXIAP
34	ETR
35	TSECB
36	TSEC1
37	TSECB1
38	NVDEC1

CodeMemoryOperation

Value	Name
0	MapOwner
1	MapSlave
2	UnmapOwner
3	UnmapSlave

LimitableResource

Value	Name	Description
0	PhysicalMemoryMax	Bytes of memory a process may allocate.
1	ThreadCountMax	Amount of threads a process can create.
2	EventCountMax	Amount of events a process can create through #CreateEvent or #SendAsyncRequestWithUserBuffer.
3	TransferMemoryCountMax	Amount of TransferMemory a process can create through #CreateTransferMemory.
4	SessionCountMax	Amount of session a process can create through #CreateSession, #ConnectToPort or #ConnectToNamedPort.

ThreadActivity

Value	Name
0	None
1	Runnable

ProcessActivity

Value	Name
0	None
1	Runnable

ProcessInfoType

Value	Name
0	ProcessState

ProcessState

Value	Name	Notes
0	Created
1	CreatedAttached
2	Started
3	Crashed	Processes will not enter this state unless they were created with EnableDebug.
4	StartedAttached
5	Exiting
6	Exited
7	DebugSuspended

DebugThreadParam

Value	Name
0	DynamicPriority
1	SchedulingStatus
2	PreferredCpuCore
3	CurrentCpuCore
4	AffinityMask

Dynamic priority: output in out2

Scheduling status: out1 contains bit0: is debug-suspended, bit1: is user-suspended (#SetThreadActivity 1 or #SetProcessActivity 1). Out2 contains {suspended, idle, running, terminating} => {5, 0, 1, 4}

PreferredCpuCore: output in out2

CurrentCpuCore: output in out2

AffinityMask: output in out1

CreateProcessParameter

Offset	Length	Bits	Description
0	12		ProcessName (doesn't have to be null-terminated)
0x0C	4		ProcessCategory (0: regular title, 1: kernel built-in)
0x10	8		TitleId
0x18	8		CodeAddr
0x20	4		CodeNumPages
0x24	4		Flags
		Bit0	Is64BitInstruction
		Bit3-1	#AddressSpaceType
		Bit4	[2.0.0+] EnableDebug
		Bit5	EnableAslr
		Bit6	IsApplication
		Bit7	[4.0.0] UseSecureMemory
		Bit10-7	[5.0.0+] MemoryRegion (0 = Application, 1 = Applet, 2 = SecureSystem, 3 = NonSecureSystem)
		Bit11	[7.0.0+] OptimizeMemoryAllocation (only allowed in combination with IsApplication)
0x28	4		ResourceLimitHandle (can be zero)
0x2C	4		[3.0.0+] SystemResourceNumPages

On [1.0.0] there's only one MemoryRegion.

On [2.0.0-4.0.0] MemoryRegion is 1 for built-ins and 0 for rest.

On [5.0.0] MemoryRegion is specified in CreateProcessArgs. There are now 4 pool partitions.

On [5.0.0] (maybe lower?) a zero ResourceLimitHandle defaults to sysmodule limits and 0x12300000 bytes of memory.

The PersonalMmHeap are allocated as follows:

• For the application, normal insecure pool is used. Carveout 5 is used to provide protection.
• For the applet, a pre-allocated secure pool segment of size 0x400000 is used.
• For sysmodules, secure pool is allocated.

AddressSpaceType

Type	Name	Width	Description
0	AddressSpace32Bit	32
1	AddressSpace64BitOld	36
2	AddressSpace32BitNoReserved	32	Appears to be missing map region [?]
3	[2.0.0+] AddressSpace64Bit	39

MemoryInfo

Offset	Length	Description
0	8	BaseAddress
8	8	Size
0x10	4	#MemoryType
0x14	4	#MemoryAttribute
0x18	4	#MemoryPermission
0x1C	4	IpcRefCount
0x20	4	DeviceRefCount
0x24	4	Padding: always zero

MemoryPermission

Bits	Name	Description
0	Read	Can be set by #SetMemoryPermission.
1	Write	Can be set by #SetMemoryPermission.
2	Execute	Can be set by #SetProcessMemoryPermission and #ControlCodeMemory.

MemoryAttribute

Bits	Name	Description
0	Locked	Used by MapMemory, as an async IPC user buffer.
1	IpcLocked	True when IpcRefCount > 0.
2	DeviceShared	True when DeviceRefCount > 0.
3	Uncached

MemoryState

Bits	Description	Meaning
7-0	#MemoryType
8	PermissionChangeAllowed
9	ForceReadWritableByDebugSyscalls	Allows using #WriteDebugProcessMemory on segments mapped read-only.
10	IpcSendAllowed	Allows sending this region as an IPC A/B/W buffer with flags=0.
11	NonDeviceIpcSendAllowed	Allows sending this region as an IPC A/B/W buffer with flags=1.
12	NonSecureIpcSendAllowed	Allows sending this region as an IPC A/B/W buffer with flags=3.
14	ProcessPermissionChangeAllowed
15	MapAllowed
16	UnmapProcessCodeMemoryAllowed
17	TransferMemoryAllowed
18	QueryPhysicalAddressAllowed
19	MapDeviceAllowed (#MapDeviceAddressSpace and #MapDeviceAddressSpaceByForce)
20	MapDeviceAlignedAllowed
21	IpcBufferAllowed
22	IsPoolAllocated/IsReferenceCounted	The physical memory blocks backing this region are refcounted.
23	MapProcessAllowed
24	AttributeChangeAllowed
25	[4.0.0+] CodeMemoryAllowed

MemoryType

Value	Type	Meaning
0x00000000	Free
0x00002001	Io	Mapped by kernel capability parsing in #CreateProcess.
0x00042002	Static	Mapped by kernel capability parsing in #CreateProcess.
0x00DC7E03	Code	Mapped during #CreateProcess.
[1.0.0+] 0x01FEBD04 [4.0.0+] 0x03FEBD04	CodeData	Transition from 0xDC7E03 performed by #SetProcessMemoryPermission.
[1.0.0+] 0x017EBD05 [4.0.0+] 0x037EBD05	Normal	Mapped using #SetHeapSize.
0x00402006	Shared	Mapped using #MapSharedMemory.
0x00482907	[1.0.0] Alias	Mapped using #MapMemory.
0x00DD7E08	AliasCode	Mapped using #MapProcessCodeMemory.
[1.0.0+] 0x01FFBD09 [4.0.0+] 0x03FFBD09	AliasCodeData	Transition from 0xDD7E08 performed by #SetProcessMemoryPermission.
0x005C3C0A	Ipc	IPC buffers with descriptor flags=0.
0x005C3C0B	Stack	Mapped using #MapMemory.
0x0040200C	ThreadLocal	Mapped during #CreateThread.
0x015C3C0D	Transfered	Mapped using #MapTransferMemory when the owning process has perm=0.
0x005C380E	ShTransfered	Mapped using #MapTransferMemory when the owning process has perm!=0.
0x0040380F	SharedCode	Mapped using #MapProcessMemory.
0x00000010	Reserved
0x005C3811	NonSecureIpc	IPC buffers with descriptor flags=1.
0x004C2812	NonDeviceIpc	IPC buffers with descriptor flags=3.
0x00002013	KernelStack	Mapped in kernel during #CreateThread.
0x00402214	[4.0.0+] CodeReadOnly	Mapped in kernel during #ControlCodeMemory.
0x00402015	[4.0.0+] CodeWritable	Mapped in kernel during #ControlCodeMemory.

ArbitrationType

Value	Type
0x0	WaitIfLessThan
0x1	DecrementAndWaitIfLessThan
0x2	WaitIfEqual

SignalType

Value	Type
0x0	Signal
0x1	SignalAndIncrementIfEqual
0x2	SignalAndModifyBasedOnWaitingThreadCountIfEqual

ContinueDebugFlagsOld

[1.0.0-2.3.0]

Bit	Bitmask	Description
0	1	IgnoreException (note: ResumeAllThreads or debug-suspended-thread-id needed)
1	2	SwallowException
2	4	ResumeAllThreads

ContinueDebugFlags

[3.0.0+]

Bit	Bitmask	Description
0	1	IgnoreException (note: doesn't need to be set in the same call than Resume)
1	2	DontCatchExceptions
2	4	Resume
3	8	IgnoreOtherThreadsExceptions

IgnoreExceptionsOfOthers is like IgnoreException but acts on all threads that aren't in the input list. The affected threads are resumed.

Only one of of Resume and IgnoreOtherThreadsExceptions can be set at a time.

If the input number of threads is 0, this means "all threads".

DebugEventInfo

The below table is for the Aarch64 version of the system call. For A32, all u64 fields but title/process/thread id are actually u32, making the structure 0x28-byte-big (0x40 for a64).

Size: 0x40

Offset	Length	Description
0	u32	EventType
4	u32	Flags (bit0: NeedsContinue)
8	u64	ThreadId
0x10		PerTypeSpecifics

AttachProcess specific:

Offset	Length	Description
0x10	u64	TitleId
0x18	u64	ProcessId
0x20	char[12]	ProcessName
0x2C	u32	MmuFlags
0x30	u64	[5.0.0+] UserExceptionContextAddr

AttachThread specific:

Offset	Length	Description
0x10	u64	ThreadId
0x18	u64	TlsPtr
0x20	u64	Entrypoint

Exit specific:

Offset	Length	Description
0x10	u32	Type (0=PausedThread, 1=RunningThread, 2=ExitedProcess, 3=TerminatedProcess)

Exception specific:

Offset	Length	Description
0x10	u32	ExceptionType
0x18	u64	FaultRegister
0x20		PerExceptionSpecifics

DebugEventType

Value	Name
0	AttachProcess
1	AttachThread
2	ExitProcess
3	ExitThread
4	Exception

DebugExceptionType

Value	Name
0	Trap (*)
1	InstructionAbort
2	DataAbortMisc (**)
3	PcSpAlignmentFault
4	DebuggerAttached
5	BreakPoint
6	UserBreak
7	DebuggerBreak
8	BadSvcId
9	[2.0.0+] SError

* Undefined instructions, software breakpoints, some other traps.

** Data aborts, FP traps, and everything else that doesn't belong to any of the above.

Trap specifics:

Offset	Length	Description
0x20	u32	Opcode

BreakPoint specifics:

Offset	Length	Description
0x20	u32	IsWatchpoint

UserBreak specifics:

Offset	Length	Description
0x20	u32	Info0
0x28	u64	Info1
0x30	u64	Info2

BadSvcId specifics:

Offset	Length	Description
0x20	u32	SvcId

Exception handling

First of all, a function that might be called by synchronous exception handler and that is called by the SError handler fetches the exception info, adjusts PC, panics on exceptions taken from EL1, then dispatches the exception.

The dispatcher has two mutually exclusive exception reporting methods:

• by storing information at the start of the process's TLS memregion (TPIDRRO_EL0) and jumping back to the crt0
• by using KDebug

KDebug dispatching is used when at least one of the following conditions are met:

• SMC ConfigItem KernelMemConfig bit 1 is NOT set (it isn't on retail), unless: this is a software or hardware breakpoint, or a watchpoint, or [4.0.0+?] the process is attached and this is a Google PNaCl trap instruction (see LLVM source)
• FAR doesn't point to a valid address in mapped-readable CodeStatic memory (i.e. this is the case for NRO and JIT memory) or this is one of the following exceptions (it particular, that doesn't include FP exceptions occurring in CodeStatic memory):
  • Uncategorized
  • IllegalState
  • SupervisorCallA32
  • SupervisorCallA64
  • PCAlignment
  • SPAlignment
  • SError
  • BreakpointLowerEl
  • SoftwareStepLowerEl (note: no way set single-step flag; not parsed)
  • WatchpointLowerEl
  • SoftwareBreakpointA32 (note: not parsed)
  • SoftwareBreakpointA64 (note: not parsed)

In all other cases the userland-handled exception path is taken.

KDebug path:

If the process is attached, the exception is reported to the KDebug. If the thread was continued using flag IgnoreExceptions, it returns from the exception as if nothing happened.

If the latter is not the case, or if the process isn't attached, proceed to [2.0.0+] crash reporting (or in [1.0.0] just terminate the process): if EnableDebug is set, and depending on the process state (more than one crash per process isn't permitted) it may signal itself with ProcessState_Crashed so that PM asks NS to start creport so that creport attaches to it and reports the crashes. Otherwise, just terminate.

Userland reporting path and #ReturnFromException:

TLS region start (A64):

Offset	Length	Description
0x0	0x148	Exception stack
0x148	0x78	ExceptionFrameA64

ExceptionFrameA64:

Offset	Length	Description
0x0	0x48 (8*9)	GPRs 0..8.
0x48	0x8	lr
0x50	0x8	sp
0x58	0x8	pc (elr_el1)
0x60	0x4	pstate & 0xFF0FFE20
0x64	0x4	afsr0
0x68	0x4	afsr1
0x6C	0x4	esr
0x70	0x8	far

TLS region start (A32):

Offset	Length	Description
0x0	0x178	Exception stack
0x148	0x44	ExceptionFrameA32

ExceptionFrameA32:

Offset	Length	Description
0x0	0x20 (8*4)	GPRs 0..7.
0x20	0x4	sp
0x24	0x4	lr
0x28	0x4	pc (elr_el1)
0x2C	0x4	tpidr_el0 = 1
0x30	0x4	cpsr & 0xFF0FFE20
0x34	0x4	afsr0
0x38	0x4	afsr1
0x3C	0x4	esr
0x40	0x4	far

In that case, after storing the regs in the TLS, the exception handler returns to the application's crt0 (entrypoint), with X0=<error description code> (see below) and X1=SP=frame=<stack top> (see above)

Desc. code	Meaning
0x100	Instruction abort
0x102	Misaligned PC
0x103	Misaligned SP
0x106	[2.0.0+] SError
0x301	Bad SVC
0x104	Uncategorized, CP15RTTrap, CP15RRTTrap, CP14RTTrap, CP14RRTTrap, IllegalState, SystemRegisterTrap
0x101	None of the above, EC <= 0x34 and not a breakpoint

(During normal app boot the process is invoked with X0=0 and X1=main_thread_handle. The crt0 of retail apps determines whether to boot normally or handle an exception if X0 is set to 0 or not)

The application is supposed to promptly update the contents of elr_el1 to a user handler (and any other regs it sees fit) and call #ReturnFromException (error code) to call that handler. The latter is then expected to promptly abort the program.

#ReturnFromException updates the contents of the kernel stack frame with what the user provided in the TLS structure, sets TPIDR_EL0 to 1, then:

• if the provided error code is 0, gracefully pivots and returns from exception
• if it is not, replays the exception and pass it to the KDebug (see above). One can pass 0x10001 to prevent process termination. If the process is attached, this also prevents crash-collection/termination (different from the exception handler behavior)

If an exception occurs from the above user handler, the entire exception handling process will repeat with the new exception.

Note that if a thread that wasn't faulting calls #ReturnFromException, it signals an "invalid syscall" exception

Note that IsDebugMode is not used during exception-handling, except for enabling printing a message to UART-A. This UART code causes a system-hang on retail (likely due to a loop that doesn't exit). This printing doesn't seem to run when the process is attached for debugging?