NAX0
This is the format on the files stored on SD (Nintendo Aes Xts -- official name is AesXtsFilesystem/AesXtsFile).
The data between this header and offset 0x4000 is unused/uninitialized it appears. The actual content which is encrypted, starts at offset 0x4000 with the size from the header.
When a NAX0 file is recreated, the header and raw content in NAX0 are completely different except for the magicnum and size-field. This is the case when a title is redownloaded/reinstalled, and when "save/" files are recreated after manual deletion.
Error 0x250E02 is returned by NCM when attempting to access a NcaId where the NAX0 header HMAC validation fails.
| Offset | Size | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 0x0 | 0x20 | Header HMAC |
| 0x20 | 0x8 | Magicnum "NAX0" |
| 0x28 | 0x20 | Encrypted AES-XTS Keys |
| 0x48 | 0x8 | Size of the file relative to offset 0x4000. |
| 0x50 | 0x30 | Padding |
Encryption
The actual content uses AES-XTS with the same non-standard tweak (endianness swap) as usual, and sector size 0x4000.
Key derivation is as follows:
First, FS retrieves the 16-byte console-unique seed that NS registered (data originates from the ns_systemseed:/ system savegame). Next, FS calculates encryptedSeedKeys = <0x20 hardcoded keydata depending on if this NAX0 is a save or an NCA> XORed with the system seed, calculates kek = GenerateAesKek(<hardcoded keydata>, 0, 0), and then calculates decryptedSeedKeys by doing decryptedSeedKeys[i] = GenerateAesKey(kek, encryptedSeedKeys[i]); for both keys.
Once the decryptedSeedKeys are calculated, FS calculates naxSpecificKeys = hmac-sha256(key=decryptedSeedKeys[0], data=<NAX0 path, relative to /Nintendo/Contents>); (example path: '/registered/000000FF/cafebabecafebabecafebabecafebabe.nca'). Then, FS does the following decryptions in place: aes128_ecb_decrypt(key=naxSpecificKeys[0], data=Header + 0x28); aes128_ecb_decrypt(key=naxSpecificKeys[1], data=Header + 0x38); Finally, hmac-sha256(key=Header[0x20:0x60], data=decryptedSeedKeys[1]) is calculated, and compared using a constant-time memcmp to the hmac stored at Header + 0x0. If it matches, decryption proceeds using the two decrypted keys at Header + 0x28 as an AES-XTS keypair.