NRO is the executable format for non-ExeFS binaries.
It starts with the NRO-start structure then the "NRO" header and mainly describes .text, .rodata, and .data segments (like a short-form of ELF program headers):
NRO Start
| Offset | Size | Description | 
| 0x0 | 0x4 | Unused | 
| 0x4 | 0x4 | MOD0 offset | 
| 0x8 | 0x8 | Padding | 
| Offset | Size | Description | 
| 0x0 | 0x4 | Magic "NRO0" | 
| 0x4 | 0x4 | ? | 
| 0x8 | 4 | size (Total NRO filesize) | 
| 0xC | 0x4 | ? | 
| 0x10 | 0x8 * 3 | SegmentHeader[3] | 
| 0x28 | 0x4 | bssSize | 
| 0x2C | 0x4 | ? | 
| 0x30 | 0x20 | Value of "build id" from ELF's GNU .note section. Contains variable sized digest, up to 32bytes. | 
| 0x50 | 0x10 | Padding | 
| 0x60 | 0x10 | ? | 
| Offset | Size | Description | 
| 0x0 | 0x4 | FileOffset | 
| 0x4 | 0x4 | Size | 
Assets
This is an optional custom assets section for homebrew, this is located at file offset {NroHeader.size}. See also switch-tools for implementation.
The below offsets are relative to the beginning of the assets section (AssetHeader).
| Offset | Size | Description | 
| 0x0 | 0x4 | Magic "ASET" | 
| 0x4 | 0x4 | Format version, currently 0. | 
| 0x8 | 0x10 | AssetSection icon. Used by the Homebrew Launcher. Like official icons, this is a 256x256 JPEG. | 
| 0x18 | 0x10 | AssetSection nacp. Used by the Homebrew Launcher. | 
| 0x28 | 0x10 | AssetSection romfs. Can be used by the application. | 
AssetSection
| Offset | Size | Description | 
| 0x0 | 0x8 | Offset | 
| 0x8 | 0x8 | Size, 0 indicates this section is empty. |