XCI

This is the format used for storing the contents of a Nintendo Switch Gamecard.

Structure

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	0x1000	#CardKeyArea
0x1000	0x200	#CardHeader
0x1200	0x200	[11.0.0+] NewCardHeader
0x1400	0x400	[11.0.0+] NewCardHeaderCertArea
0x1800	0x6800	ReservedArea
0x8000	0x8000	#CertArea
0x10000	Variable	#NormalArea
Variable	Variable	#RomArea
Invalid	Invalid	BackupArea

CardKeyArea

This region cannot be read directly once written to the Gamecard. Therefore, it is hidden away during read/write operations on the raw Gamecard data.

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	0x200	#InitialData
0x200	0xD00	#TitleKeyArea
0xF00	0x100	Reserved

InitialData

This region is used for challenge–response authentication when changing to the Gamecard's secure mode.

FS calculates a SHA-256 hash over the whole 0x200 bytes and compares it with the hash stored at offset 0x160 in the #CardHeader.

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	0x8	Package ID from #CardHeader at offset 0x110
0x8	0x8	Reserved
0x10	0x10	Challenge–response authentication data
0x20	0x10	Challenge–response authentication MAC
0x30	0xC	Challenge–response authentication Nonce
0x3C	0x1C4	Reserved (must be empty)

TitleKeyArea

This region is stored encrypted and contains the title keys used by the #InitialData.

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	0x8	TitleKey1
0x8	0x8	TitleKey2
0x10	0xCF0	Reserved

CardHeader

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	0x100	RSA-2048 PKCS #1 signature over the header (data from 0x100 to 0x200)
0x100	0x4	Magic ("HEAD")
0x104	0x4	RomAreaStartPageAddress (in Gamecard page units, which are 0x200 bytes)
0x108	0x4	BackupAreaStartPageAddress (always 0xFFFFFFFF)
0x10C	0x1	TitleKeyDecIndex (high nibble) and KekIndex (low nibble)
0x10D	0x1	#RomSize
0x10E	0x1	CardHeaderVersion
0x10F	0x1	#Flags
0x110	0x8	PackageId (used for challenge–response authentication)
0x118	0x4	ValidDataEndAddress (in Gamecard page units, which are 0x200 bytes)
0x11C	0x4	Reserved
0x120	0x10	Iv (reversed)
0x130	0x8	PartitionFsHeaderAddress
0x138	0x8	PartitionFsHeaderSize
0x140	0x20	PartitionFsHeaderHash (SHA-256 hash of the #PartitionFsHeader)
0x160	0x20	InitialDataHash (SHA-256 hash of the #InitialData)
0x180	0x4	#SelSec
0x184	0x4	SelT1Key (always 2)
0x188	0x4	SelKey (always 0)
0x18C	0x4	LimArea (in Gamecard page units, which are 0x200 bytes)
0x190	0x70	#CardHeaderEncryptedData

RomSize

FS retrieves this data as GameCardSize.

Value	Description
0xFA	1GB
0xF8	2GB
0xF0	4GB
0xE0	8GB
0xE1	16GB
0xE2	32GB

Flags

FS retrieves this data as GameCardAttribute.

Bits	Description
0	AutoBoot
1	HistoryErase
2	[4.0.0+] RepairTool
3	[9.0.0+] DifferentRegionCupToTerraDevice
4	[9.0.0+] DifferentRegionCupToGlobalDevice
7	[11.0.0+] HasNewCardHeader

SelSec

Value	Description
1	T1
2	T2

CardHeaderEncryptedData

This region is stored encrypted (AES-128-CBC).

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	0x8	#FwVersion
0x8	0x4	#AccCtrl1
0xC	0x4	Wait1TimeRead (always 0x1388)
0x10	0x4	Wait2TimeRead (always 0)
0x14	0x4	Wait1TimeWrite (always 0)
0x18	0x4	Wait2TimeWrite (always 0)
0x1C	0x4	FwMode (the current SdkAddonVersion)
0x20	0x4	UppVersion
0x24	0x1	[9.0.0+] #CompatibilityType
0x25	0x3	Reserved
0x28	0x8	UppHash (SHA-256 hash of the #UpdatePartition)
0x30	0x8	UppId (always 0x0100000000000816)
0x38	0x38	Reserved

FwVersion

Value	Description
0	Development
1	Retail
2	[4.0.0+] Retail
3	[11.0.0+] Development
4	[11.0.0+] Retail
5	[12.0.0+] Retail

AccCtrl1

Value	Description
0x00A10011	25MHz
0x00A10010	50MHz

CompatibilityType

Value	Description
0	Normal
1	Terra

NewCardHeader

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	0x100	RSA-2048 PKCS #1 signature over the data from 0x100 to 0x200
0x100	0x100

NewCardHeaderCertArea

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	0x100	RSA-2048 PKCS #1 signature over the data from 0x100 to 0x300
0x100	0x30
0x130	0x100	#NewCardHeader modulus
0x230	0x1D0

CertArea

This is the Gamecard's unique certificate.

FS retrieves this data with GetGameCardDeviceCertificate.

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	0x100	RSA-2048 PKCS #1 signature over the data from 0x100 to 0x200
0x100	0x4	Magic ("CERT")
0x104	0x4	Version
0x108	0x1	KekIndex
0x109	0x7	Reserved
0x110	0x10	T1CardDeviceId
0x120	0x10	Iv
0x130	0x10	HwKey (encrypted)
0x140	0xC0	Reserved (encrypted)
0x200	0x7E00	Reserved

NormalArea

This region contains all non-secure partitions of the Gamecard file system.

Offset	Size	Description
Variable	Variable	RootPartitionHeader
Variable	Variable	UpdatePartitionHeader
Variable	Variable	UpdatePartition
Variable	Variable	[4.0.0+] LogoPartitionHeader
Variable	Variable	[4.0.0+] LogoPartition
Variable	Variable	NormalPartitionHeader
Variable	Variable	NormalPartition

UpdatePartition

This partition contains .cnmt.nca + .nca files for the entire system update required to play the game. Launch day carts contain a full copy of 1.0 ncas, newer carts contain newer sysupdate NCAs etc.

NormalPartition

This partition contains the .cnmt.nca and the game icondata nca. This is presumably for future compatibility so that if a future update changes the cryptographic protocol for the secure partition. Game icon data can still be shown in the home menu on old firmwares.

[4.0.0+] This partition is now empty.

LogoPartition

[4.0.0+] This partition now contains the contents of the #NormalPartition.

RomArea

This region contains all secure partitions of the Gamecard file system.

Offset	Size	Description
Variable	Variable	SecurePartitionHeader
Variable	Variable	SecurePartition

SecurePartition

This partition contains an identical copy of the .cnmt.nca and game icondata nca, as well as all other ncas required for the game.

PartitionFs

This is the Gamecard file system which starts with magicnum "HFS0".

PartitionFsHeader

The "SHA-256 File System" or "HFS0" starts at offset 0x10000 in the Gamecard. The first 0x200 bytes act as a global header and represent the root partition which points to the other partitions ("normal", "logo", "update" and "secure").

A hash for this header is stored at offset 0x140 in the #CardHeader.

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	0x4	Magic ("HFS0")
0x4	0x4	FileCount
0x8	0x4	StringTableSize
0xC	0x4	Reserved
0x10	X	#FileEntryTable
0x10 + X	Y	StringTable
0x10 + X + Y	Z	RawFileData

FileEntryTable

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	0x8	Offset of file in Data
0x8	0x8	Size of file in Data
0x10	0x4	Offset of filename in String Table
0x14	0x4	Size of Hashed region of file (for HFS0s, this is the size of the pre-filedata portion, for NCAs this is usually 0x200)
0x18	8	Zero/Reserved
0x20	0x20	SHA-256 hash of the first (size of hashed region) bytes of filedata

The string table is 00-padded to align the start of raw filedata with a sector/media unit boundary (usually?).