Flash Filesystem

2018-06-20T22:18:50Z

Kom: /* System Savegames */

= NAND structure =
The Switch's eMMC storage features a large user area, two smaller boot partitions and a replay-protected memory block which is unused (no authentication key is programmed).

All official partition names come from [[SystemInitializer]].

== Boot Partitions ==

'''Boot Partition 0 (0 of 1)'''

The official name for this partition is "BootPartition1Root" and it has [[Filesystem_services|Bis]] Partition ID == 0.

{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
! Offset
! Size
! Description
|-
| 0x000000
| 0x4000
| Normal Firmware [[BCT|BCT]] from [[Title_list#System_Data_Archives|Title 0100000000000819]]
|-
| 0x004000
| 0x4000
| SafeMode Firmware [[BCT|BCT]] from [[Title_list#System_Data_Archives|Title 010000000000081A]]
|-
| 0x008000
| 0x4000
| Normal Firmware [[BCT|BCT]] from [[Title_list#System_Data_Archives|Title 0100000000000819]] (backup)
|-
| 0x00C000
| 0x4000
| SafeMode Firmware [[BCT|BCT]] from [[Title_list#System_Data_Archives|Title 010000000000081A]] (backup)
|-
| 0x010000
| 0xF0000
| 60 additional BCTs, normally unused/empty on retail systems.
|-
| 0x100000
| 0x40000
| Normal Firmware [[Package1|package1]] from [[Title_list#System_Data_Archives|Title 0100000000000819]]
|-
| 0x140000
| 0x40000
| Normal Firmware [[Package1|package1]] from [[Title_list#System_Data_Archives|Title 0100000000000819]] (backup)
|-
| 0x180000
| 0x4000
| [[#Keyblob|Keyblob area]]
|-
| 0x184000
| 0x20
| Unknown pseudorandom data, often changes on reboot. All zero on 1.0.
|-
| 0x184020
| 0x8?
| Increments on every boot until hitting a certain number? Bottom 10 bits (0x3FF) are always zero. All zero on 1.0.
|}

'''Boot Partition 1 (1 of 1)'''

The official name for this partition is "BootPartition2Root" and it has [[Filesystem_services|Bis]] Partition ID == 10.

{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
! Offset
! Size
! Description
|-
| 0x000000
| 0x40000
| SafeMode Firmware [[Package1|package1]] from [[Title_list#System_Data_Archives|Title 010000000000081A]]
|-
| 0x040000
| 0x40000
| SafeMode Firmware [[Package1|package1]] from [[Title_list#System_Data_Archives|Title 010000000000081A]] (backup)
|}

=== Keyblob ===
Starting at offset 0x180000 is an array of 0x200-byte entries, for a total of 32 keyblobs. Each one is unique compared to the others and they are all console unique. This is officially known as the "EKS" (encryption key source) area.

From each 0x200-byte entry only the first 0xB0 bytes effectively form the keyblob as below.

{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
! Offset
! Size
! Description
|-
| 0x0
| 0x10
| Keyblob AES-CMAC over the next 0xA0 bytes (safe against timing attacks)
|-
| 0x10
| 0x10
| Keyblob AES CTR
|-
| 0x20
| 0x90
| Keyblob encrypted payload
|-
| 0xB0
| 0x150
| Unused, all-zero.
|}

The active bootloader's version (offset 0x2330 in the BCT) acts as an index to control which keyblob should be installed into the system.
[[NS_Services|NS]] uses this during system updates to install the keyblob into the [[BCT#customer_data|customer data]] section in BCTs (offset 0x450).

[[Boot]] also uses this index for repairing corrupt sectors.

The currently active keyblob is officially known as "SecureInfo".

== User Partitions ==
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
! Partition name
! Offset
! Size
! [[Filesystem_services|Bis]] Partition ID
! Encrypted
! Description
|-
| N/A
| 0x0
|
| 20
| No
| GPT header, Bis-storage also allows raw access to the entire NAND eMMC sectors starting at sector0. The official name for this partition is "UserDataRoot".
|-
| PRODINFO
| 0x00004400
| 0x003FBC00
| 27
| Yes (Bis key 0)
| "CAL0" raw partition containing set:cal data. The official name for this partition is "CalibrationBinary".
|-
| PRODINFOF
| 0x00400000
| 0x00400000
| 28
| Yes (Bis key 0)
| FAT12 filesystem, additional calibration. The official name for this partition is "CalibrationFile".
|-
| BCPKG2-1-Normal-Main
| 0x00800000
| 0x00800000
| 21
| No
| Raw partition where the first 0x4000 bytes (usually empty) contain the [[BootConfig]] and the remaining space contains the [[Package2|package2]] image from [[Title_list#System_Data_Archives|Title 0100000000000819]] by default. With the exFAT update installed, the [[Package2|package2]] image is switched to the one from [[Title_list#System_Data_Archives|Title 010000000000081B]]. The official name for this partition is "BootConfigAndPackage2Part1".
|-
| BCPKG2-2-Normal-Sub
| 0x01000000
| 0x00800000
| 22
| No
| Backup partition for BCPKG2-1-Normal-Main. The official name for this partition is "BootConfigAndPackage2Part2".
|-
| BCPKG2-3-SafeMode-Main
| 0x01800000
| 0x00800000
| 23
| No
| Raw partition where the first 0x4000 bytes (usually empty) contain the [[BootConfig]] and the remaining space contains the [[Package2|package2]] image from [[Title_list#System_Data_Archives|Title 010000000000081A]] by default. On [4.0.0+] and with the exFAT update installed, the [[Package2|package2]] image is switched to the one from [[Title_list#System_Data_Archives|Title 010000000000081C]]. The official name for this partition is "BootConfigAndPackage2Part3".
|-
| BCPKG2-4-SafeMode-Sub
| 0x02000000
| 0x00800000
| 24
| No
| Backup partition for BCPKG2-3-SafeMode-Main. The official name for this partition is "BootConfigAndPackage2Part4".
|-
| BCPKG2-5-Repair-Main
| 0x02800000
| 0x00800000
| 25
| No
| Installed at the factory, never written afterwards on retail. In one case this is identical to normal [[1.0.0]] [[Package2|package2]], except this has encrypted data at the end padded for 0x1000-byte alignment. The official name for this partition is "BootConfigAndPackage2Part5".
|-
| BCPKG2-6-Repair-Sub
| 0x03000000
| 0x00800000
| 26
| No
| Backup partition for BCPKG2-5-Repair-Main. The official name for this partition is "BootConfigAndPackage2Part6".
|-
| SAFE
| 0x03800000
| 0x04000000
| 29
| Yes (Bis key 1)
| FAT32 filesystem. The official name for this partition is "SafeMode".
|-
| SYSTEM
| 0x07800000
| 0xA0000000
| 31 and 32
| Yes (Bis key 2)
| FAT32 filesystem. The official name for this partition is "SystemProperEncryption".
|-
| USER
| 0xA7800000
| 0x680000000
| 30
| Yes (Bis key 3)
| FAT32 filesystem.
|-
|
| 0x747BFFE00
| 0x200
|
| No
| This is the backup GPT header specified by the main GPT header. This is also the last sector readable with Bis-storage paritionID 20.
|}

If the client process lacks the relevant permission for any of the above partition IDs, error 0x2EE202 is returned.

[[NCA]]s stored in NAND are raw, identical to the data readable with [[Content_Manager_services#ReadEntryRaw]].

The filenames for saveimages is just "<lower-case hex u64 saveID>". SYSTEM-partition saveIDs are specified by [[Filesystem_services|FS]] commands, while USER-partition saveIDs are determined by FS-module internally. The high u32 of the saveID is normally either 0x00000000 or 0x80000000.

Encrypted partitions use AES-XTS using the same non-standard tweak (tweak[0] = sectorIdx[MSB] .. tweak[15] = sectorIdx[LSB], if using 32bit sectorIdx that means tweak[0]..tweak[11] are 0, with tweak[12]..tweak[15] containing big-endian sectorIdx) as other Nintendo AES-XTS code, initial_sector = 0, and sector size 0x4000. All encrypted partitions use console unique keydata.

=== PRODINFOF ===
PRODINFOF
├── Certifications
│ └── WirelessCertification.png
└── ptd
├── DeviceIdWithEmsBit.dat
├── Ecid.dat
├── prodCode.dat
└── log
├── Process_asm1.log
├── Process_board1.log
├── TestFlagLine.log
├── TestFlagQc.log
├── AGING
│ └── Sequence.log
├── BOARD_TEST
│ └── Sequence.log
├── BOARD_WIRELESS
│ └── Sequence.log
├── FINAL_CHECK
│ └── Sequence.log
├── LCD_AND_KEY
│ └── Sequence.log
└── USB_AND_HP
└── Sequence.log

==== DeviceIdWithEmsBit.dat ====
Contains a 0x10-byte uppercase hex string, identical to the DeviceId in the [[Settings_services|DeviceCert]].

=== SYSTEM ===
SYSTEM
├── PRF2SAFE.RCV
├── Contents
│ ├── registered
│ │ └── ... [[NCA]]
│ └── placehld
│ └── ... [[NCA]]
├── [[Savegames|save]]
│ └── ...
└── saveMeta
└── ... (empty?)

The saves stored under this partition are only for system-titles / etc.

=== USER ===
USER
├── PRF2SAFE.RCV
├── Album (Same layout as [[SD_Filesystem|SD]])
├── Contents
│ ├── registered
│ │ └── ... [[NCA]]
│ └── placehld
│ └── ... [[NCA]]
├── [[Savegames|save]]
│ └── ...
├── saveMeta
│ └── ...
└── temp

The saves for all non-system applications, regardless of where the application is located(storageID), is stored here. Each user account which has savedata has a separate saveimage. Save-common for an application is presumably a separate saveimage too. Every saveimage here is ''only'' for applications.

=== SAFE ===
SAFE
├── PRF2SAFE.RCV
├── Contents
│ ├── registered
│ │ └── ... [[NCA]] (nothing installed?)
│ └── placehld
│ └── ... [[NCA]]
└── [[Savegames|save]]
├── 8000000000000000
└── 8000000000000120

On a v2.1 system with MountBis, the only thing under here is "PRF2SAFE.RCV".

= System Savegames =

This is a listing of known System Savedata and what titles they correspond to.

{| class="wikitable" border="1"
! SaveID || Owner || Mount || Notes
|-
| 0x8000000000000000 || || ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000010 || account || <nowiki>account:/</nowiki> || Account database.
|-
| 0x8000000000000011 || account || <nowiki>idgen:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000020 || nfc || <nowiki>data:/</nowiki> || NFC data and backups.
|-
| 0x8000000000000030 || ns || <nowiki>mii:/</nowiki> || Mii database.
|-
| 0x8000000000000031 || ns || <nowiki>mii:/</nowiki> || Mii test mode database.
|-
| 0x8000000000000040 || ns || <nowiki>apprecdb:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000041 || ns || <nowiki>nsaccache:/</nowiki> || Home menu icondata/lru list for recently played games.
|-
| 0x8000000000000043 || ns || <nowiki>ns_appman:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000044 || ns || <nowiki>ns_sysup:/</nowiki> || Content update context.
|-
| 0x8000000000000045 || ns || <nowiki>vmdb:/</nowiki> || Version List/Required Version List storage.
|-
| 0x8000000000000046 || ns || <nowiki>dtlman:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000047 || ns || <nowiki>ns_exfat:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000048 || ns || <nowiki>ns_systemseed:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000049 || ns || <nowiki>ns_ssversion:/</nowiki> || Safe System version.
|-
| 0x8000000000000050 || settings || <nowiki>SystemSettings:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000051 || settings || <nowiki>FwdbgSettingsS:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000052 || settings || <nowiki>PrivateSettings:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000053 || settings || <nowiki>DeviceSettings:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000054 || settings || <nowiki>ApplnSettings:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000060 || ssl || <nowiki>SslSave:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000070 || nim || <nowiki>nim_sys:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000071 || nim || <nowiki>nim_net:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000072 || nim || <nowiki>nim_tmp:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000073 || nim || <nowiki>nim_dac:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000074 || nim || <nowiki>nim_delta:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000075 || nim || <nowiki>nim_vac:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000080 || friends || <nowiki>friends:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000081 || friends || <nowiki>friends-sys:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000082 || friends || <nowiki>friends-image:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x8000000000000090 || bcat || <nowiki>news:/</nowiki> || Actual news msgpack archives.
|-
| 0x8000000000000091 || bcat || <nowiki>news-sys:/</nowiki> || News metadata, tasklist, history, database, required system version, etc.
|-
| 0x8000000000000092 || bcat || <nowiki>news-dl:/</nowiki> || Storage for newly(?) downloaded news list/data.
|-
| 0x80000000000000A0 || bcat || <nowiki>prepo-sys:/</nowiki> || Play Report system information.
|-
| 0x80000000000000A1 || bcat || <nowiki>prepo:/</nowiki> || Play Report msgpack archives.
|-
| 0x80000000000000B0 || bsdsockets || <nowiki>nsdsave:/</nowiki> || Socket configuration saved data.
|-
| 0x80000000000000C1 || bcat || <nowiki>bcat-sys:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x80000000000000C2 || bcat || <nowiki>bcat-dl:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x80000000000000D1 || erpt || <nowiki>save:/</nowiki> || Contains "/journal" report listing + actual crash reports ("/%08x-%04x-%04x-%02x%02x-%04x%08x"), which are serialized via [http://msgpack.org/ MsgPack].
|-
| 0x80000000000000E0 || es || <nowiki>escertificate:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x80000000000000E1 || es || <nowiki>escommon:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x80000000000000E2 || es || <nowiki>espersonalized:/</nowiki> ||
|-
| 0x80000000000000F0 || ns || <nowiki>pdm:/</nowiki> || Play Data log.
|-
| 0x8000000000000100 || pctl || <nowiki>pctlss:/</nowiki> || Parental Control settings.
|-
| 0x8000000000000110 || npns || <nowiki>npns_save:/</nowiki> || Push notifications persistent storage.
|-
| 0x8000000000000120 || ncm || ? || meta/[[IMKV|imkvdb.arc]] for system partition. Cache of data extracted from the [[NCA|.cnmt]] for installed titles?(Including 816)
|-
| 0x8000000000000121 || ncm || ? || meta/[[IMKV|imkvdb.arc]] for sd partition. In some cases this save only contains a "meta/" directory without any file.
|-
| 0x8000000000000122 || || ||
|-
| 0x8000000000001010 || || ||
|-
| 0x8000000000001040 || || ||
|-
| 0x8000000000001050 || || || Contains database.dat. Possibly Mii data and Mii texture data?
|-
| 0x8000000000001070 || || ||
|-
| 0x8000000000001060 || || ||
|-
| 0x80000000000010B0 || || ||
|-
| 0x0000000000000001 || || ||
|-
| 0x0000000000000003 || || ||
|-
| 0x0000000000000004 || || ||
|-
| 0x0000000000000005 || || ||
|-
| 0x0000000000000006 || || ||
|-
| 0x0000000000000007 || || ||
|-
| 0x0000000000000008 || || ||
|-
| 0x0000000000000009 || || ||
|-
| 0x000000000000000A || || ||
|-
| 0x000000000000000C || || ||
|-
| 0x000000000000000D || || ||
|-
|}

Nintendo Switch Brew - User contributions [en]

Flash Filesystem